Self-Contained Classrooms

Self-contained classrooms are classrooms specifically designated for children with disabilities. Self-contained programs are usually indicated for children with more serious disabilities who may not be able to participate in general education programs at all. These disabilities include autism, emotional disturbances, severe intellectual disabilities, multiple handicaps and children with serious or fragile medical conditions.  Students assigned to these programs have often been assigned to less restrictive (see LRE) environments and have failed to succeed, or they started in targeted programs designed to help them succeed. Requirements LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) is the legal concept found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that requires schools to place children with disabilities most like the settings where their general education peers will be taught. School districts are required to offer a full continuum of placements from the most restrictive (self-contained) to the least restrictive (full inclusion.) Placements should be made in the best interest of the children rather than the convenience of the school. Students placed in self-contained classrooms should be spending some time in the general education environment, if only for lunch.  The goal of an effective self-contained program is to increase the amount of time that the student spends in the general education environment.  Often students in self-contained programs go to specials -- art, music, physical education or humanities, and participate with the support of classroom para-professionals.  Students in programs for children with emotional disturbances usually spend part of their day on an expanding basis in the appropriate grade level class.  Their academics may be supervised by the general education teacher while they receive support from their special education teacher in managing difficult or challenging behaviors.  Often, in the course of a successful year, the student may move from self-contained to a less restrictive setting, such as resource or even consult. The only placement more restrictive than a self-contained classroom is a residential placement, where students are in a facility that is as much treatment as it is education. Some districts have special schools made up of only self-contained classrooms, which might be considered halfway between self-contained and residential since the schools are not close to students homes. Other Names Self-contained settings, Self-contained programs Example: Due to Emilys anxiety and self-injurious behavior, her IEP team decided that a self-contained classroom for students with Emotional Disturbances would be the best place to keep her safe.

Supply Demand Paper Eco/365 - 1105 Words

Supply and Demand Simulation University of Phoenix May 9, 2013 ECO/365 - Principles of Microeconomics The Supply and Demand Simulation consist of microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts. The concepts are explained and how they apply to the principle of microeconomics and macroeconomics. The simulations presents shifts in the supply and demand curve, the rationale for the shift is given. Each shift is analyzed showing the effects of the equilibrium price, quantity, and decision making for the company presented. An explanation of the price elasticity affects the pricing strategy for consumers and company. In the simulation a neighborhood called Atlantis is used. Atlantis is a nice neighborhood with many amenities that†¦show more content†¦The price of rentals decreased to create less quantity that is available for rent creating an equilibrium and decrease in surplus. This is a hard decision to lower the price significantly but will continue to create revenue for the property management company while decreasing supply of vacancy. Microeconomics and macroeconomics concepts aide in the understanding on how they affect the shifts of supply and demand affect equilibrium price and quantity. Microeconomics focuses on supply and demand (Colander, 2010). A company would look at ways to increase production that could decrease their prices compared to competitors. This would adjust the equilibrium price of products by increasing the quantity that is available. This would allow the company the ability to pass price savings to consumers. Macroeconomics is used as the economy changes such as with inflation (Colander, 2010). Inflation would cause a company to have increase cost of materials in producing their product. This creates a change in quantity to be provided as supply has to be adjusted to meet the decrease of demand due to the economy affects on equilibrium price. Using the simulation as a guide the price elasticity of demand is reviewed to determine the effects of pricing strategies. Demand can either decrease or increase based on price of a product or service (Colander, 2010). Consumers tend to buy products were there is a decrease in price (Colander, 2010).Show MoreRelatedEco 365 Supply Demand Paper1082 Words   |  5 PagesSupply amp; Demand Simulation Erica Bradford ECO/365 June 19, 2013 Jeremy Alessandro Supply amp; Demand Simulation Goodlife Management is the sole provider of apartments available for rent in the city of Atlantis in which the supply and demand simulation provided by UPOX takes place. The simulation provides excellent, real-life examples of how the supply and demand curves may shift based upon various factors that occur within the market in Atlantis. The following details such examples asRead MoreSupply and Demand Simulation983 Words   |  4 Pages   ECO365 Supply and Demand Simulation Student Name ECO/365 – Principles of Microeconomics Instructor Name Date Introduction Supply and Demand is a phrase that every one hears in one way or another, Supply and demand phrase according to Colander, (2010) is the most used phrase by economist and the reason is because the phrase provides a good â€Å"off-the-cuff† answer for many question that have to do with economy. Example why are interest rates to Low? Because supply and demand. Why is GasolineRead MoreEco 365 Supply and Demand Simulation Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation ECO/365 November 26, 2012 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Supply and Demand simulation from the student website. 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They chose to locate the business in Boulder, Colorado, a community known for its support of environmentalRead MoreCurrentmarketconditions798 Words   |  4 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Principles of Microeconomics ECO 365 David Norcross April 13, 2015 Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis In this paper, Team A is participating in a strategic planning group creating a new product at General Motors. The following is a competitive market analysis on the potential of our new 2016 Chevy Volt’s success. We will be focusing on our competitor Toyota and their Prius lineup. Additionally, we will summarize our target consumerRead MoreEco-Products, Inc.7406 Words   |  30 PagesCAPSTONE CASE 1: ECO-PRODUCTS, INC. End-of-Case Assignments: Suggested Discussions and Analyses A. Describe Eco-Products’ early history (1990 through 2003). Would you view the firm during that period as being a life-style business, an entrepreneurial venture, or? Why? 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Sculpture of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt Essay Example For Students

Sculpture of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt Essay Introduction Egypt is situated in the north-eastern corner of the African continent. It is composed of two very different regionsUpper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Lower Egyptthe Black Land as it was also called by the ancient Egyptianswith its fertile soil strip along the Nile River makes up the northern part of the country. The Red Landthe Upper Egyptis a desertous southern part with the red, sun-baked soil. The history of ancient Egypt starts around 3000 B. C. when, according to the tradition, Menes Narmer unified the two lands and founded the first dynasty. That was the beginning of the Old Kingdomthe period of stability of the state that lasted until 2263 B. C. and included the dynasties Ist to VIth. Old Kingdom is known as the Golden Age of Egyptian art: during this period the famous pyramids of Giza and the legendary Sphinx were built and the canon that lasted for two millenniums was established. Influences Even though Egyptians were the first to build a civilization they werent the first artists. Obviously the first artists on Earth were the cavemen who produced the beautiful cave paintings found all over the world. However, the artworks that date tens of thousands of years back had little influenceor at least little direct influenceon the Egyptian art. The characteristic features of the art of the Old Kingdom were derived almost exclusively from the works of the Bronze Age 4500-3000 B. C.. Made in that period, there were sculptures of animals that were the predecessors of the statues of Egyptian gods and goddesses in the shape of animals. There were terra-cotta figures of womenprobably the slaves from the African tribeswhich probably were to represent the Mother Goddesses. However the art of the Old Kingdom had much more to borrow from that prehistoric period than just bits and pieces of ideas here and there. Probably the most important thing that the Bronze Age should be noted for in this context is the development of the canon of Egyptian sculpture. Here is quite long, but very complete and precise definition of the word canon given by the Polish Egyptologist Kazimierz Michalowski in his book called Great Sculpture of Ancient Egypt: 1 The canon is a historically conditioned element of indigenous character. It is a result of a mass of observations and experiences that lead to the fixing in art of the most typical forms found in nature but brought down to specific and constant proportions. 3 Its aim is to depict in the most legible and comprehensible idiom and to reflect reality not only as a visible but also a social experience. It fulfils an active function in the ideological superstructure, which serves the ruling class, by reinforcing the conviction that the social order is stable and just through the glorification of the gods and the king. It is one of the essential conditions for creating teamwork in workshops, to maintain a high level of production and quality. The sculptures from the predynastic period and the Old Kingdom were similar in many ways. General stiffness, unnatural positions, and little attention to detail and musculature mark the sculptures from both time periods. However, during the Old Kingdom the elaboration of human figure occurred adding more realism to the sculptural works. General Analysis of The Sculpture of Old KingdomDifferent Canons To me its a very logical approach to analyze ancient Egyptian sculpture using the canonical criteria and analyzing the rigid sets of art rules that determined the appearance statues. Obviously all the sculptures of the Old Kingdom can be recognized as such because of the general features barely indicated musculature, lack of detailing, and general squareness and materials used painted limestone, wood, terra-cotta. However, there were different canons for the people of different social classes. The sculptures of pharaohs i. e. ings and the high royalty were the most canonical of all. The statues possess the very hierarchic attitudes and are depicted only in two posesseating and walking. They have perfectly shaped young bodies and the only defects that can be found on the sculptures are due to the age of the stone that obviously did wear down in more than four millenniums. This approach is very logical since the pharaohs were considered to be the children of Egyptian greatest god Horus. The subjects of the pharaoh could only see him seating or walking and probably couldnt even dare to imagine him doing anything like yawning, jumping, crawling, you name it. Art History Assignment Ancient Egypt EssaySitting on the ground there is a man holding the papyrus that Egyptians used to write on in his hands. We can say its a portrait even bearing in mind that Egyptian portraits do not necessarily aim to depict likeness. Background and foreground can hardly be identified since all we see is a front of a seating man. In fact, Egyptian sculptures often were done to be looked at only from one side, and this is the case with the Scribe too. Some scholars tend to call Egyptian art abstract because the sculptures do not resemble men realistically enough. However, I believe its not correct to call the art of Old Kingdom abstract for it looks too realistically for that. After all, we all can see totally recognizable objects on them. I think that the Scribe can be called a realistic sculpture; maybe the people who have Renaissance as the mark for realism might call the Scribe semi-abstract that leans much more towards realism than abstraction. The most important element of the sculpture is form since the object is three-dimensional and is, actually, composed of forms. Colour in this statueas well as many other ones by ancient Egyptian artistis another very important element. Even though a lot of the paint came off, we still can see the orange-pinkly skin, dark hair, green eyes with a green rim around I wonder if the rim represents the make-up that was used not only by ancient Egyptian women but by men as well. The colours add a lot to the realism of the sculpture and make it more interesting to see than the non-coloured statue. The balance of this work can be called asymmetrical because of the slightly different positions of hands and legs, but its extremely close to the complete symmetry because the artists goal was not to make the sculpture interesting but to follow the canon, which is symmetrical. Obviously the author created the sense of three-dimensional space because the sculpture it self is three-dimensional. However, as I have mentioned earlier the space does not look very deepagain, its because the artist didnt want it to be deep since canon says it shouldnt. In my own opinion, this piece of art is a masterpieceit has a charm and spirit of ancient Egypt and it looks beautiful because of the skilfully carved shapes and nice bright colours. My Opinion on The Sculpture of Old Kingdom I found it hard to talk the ancient Egyptian sculpture from the point of view of aesthetics because most of it was not necessarily made for the purposes of pleasing the eye. Usually the statue had either religious purposesdepicting one of several hundreds of ancient Egyptian gods or representing the owner to live in the world of dead instead of himor social purposes like spreading the image of stabler society of the Old Kingdom and glorifying the pharaohs. However, even in those cases the Egyptian sculpture has a certain artistic meritsometimes very highotherwise, it wouldnt have been called great art and it truly is great art. Many sculptures that Ive looked at when doing this project wonderfully represented the power and dignity of pharaohs, depicted with the great realism different shades of peoples mood and personality, caught the movement beautifully when making the statues of working. Every sculpture of the Old Kingdom resembles the other in appearanceand yet they are not exactly the same. I think that the great ancient sculptors had an amazing ability to catch mood and personality just with a few lines without showing all the detail. Some people say that they find ancient Egyptian statues lifeless. Maybe they are lifeless, but its not because they are deadits because they are magically frozen in time. Every single one carries the flavour of the great Old Kingdom of Egypt, and through its lifeless art ancient Egypt continues the journey through the millenniums. The lifeless statues keep the spirit of the amazingly great ancient civilization alive.

Sexual child abuse Essay Example For Students

Sexual child abuse Essay Sexual child abuse Essay There are many types of child abuse. I am going to tell you about sexual child abuse. Sexual abuse is defined as the engage of a child in sexual activities the child does not understand, to which the child cant give informed consent, which are developmentally inappropriate and/or which violate the laws of society. In 1986, 20% of child abuse cases were sexual abuse. Every child is vulnerable to sexual abuse. Research shows that as many as one out of every four children will be a victim of sexual abuse. Very young children as well as older can be victimized. Studies show that almost all children victimized will be abused by; someone they know and trust: a relative, family friend, or caretaker. Sexual abuse can be physical, verbal, or emotional and includes: Sexual touching and fondling Exposing children to adult sexual activities such as pornography movies and photos Having children pose, undress or perform in a sexual fashion, in film, or in person Peeping into bathrooms or bedrooms to spy on child Rape or attempted rape Abuse begins gradually and increases over time. The use of force is rarely necessary to engage a child in sexual activity because children are trusting and dependent. They want to please others and gain love and approval. Signs that the child may be being abused: Fear of certain people or places Sleep disturbances School problems Withdraw from family and friends Depression Low self-esteem Discipline problems Babyish behaviors Self-destructive behaviors Suicide attempts Hostility or aggression More specific symptoms: Copying adult sexual behaviors Sexual play with other children Unexplained pain, swelling, bleeding, or irritation of the mouth, genital, or anal areas Children who have been sexually abused may feel fear, anger, isolation, sadness, guilt, shame, or confusion. To protect your child from sexual abuse you should provide the child with information in a matter-of-fact way. Although children who are educated on sexual abuse are more well prepared and more likely tell someone if abuse has occurred. If the child tells you something has happened, LISTEN! Some children dont tell you because they are afraid. They are afraid no one will believe them, or that the abuser will hurt them. They may not tell because they feel guilty, they dont want to get and adult in trouble. Children are ,at times, threatened by the abuser that they will be taken away from home. Hopefully the information I have provided you will help at least on parent avoid the pain and trauma of an abused child. Sources: www.dogpile.com keyword child sexual abuse, www.childaabuse. org/facts.html .

Albert Einstein Essays (1489 words) - Albert Einstein,

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this man's work, everyone knows that its impact on the world of science is astonishing. Yes, many have heard of Albert Einstein's General Theory of relativity, but few know about the intriguing life that led this scientist to discover what some have called, The greatest single achievement of human thought. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1874. Before his first birthday, his family had moved to Munich where young Albert's father, Hermann Einstein, and uncle set up a small electro-chemical business. He was fortunate to have an excellent family with which he held a strong relationship. Albert's mother, Pauline Einstein, had an intense passion for music and literature, and it was she that first introduced her son to the violin in which he found much joy and relaxation. Also, he was very close with his younger sister, Maja, and hey could often be found in the lakes that were scattered about the countryside near Munich. As a child, Einstein's sense of curiosity had already begun to stir. A favorite toy of his was his father's compass, and he often marvelled at his uncle's explanations of algebra. Although young Albert was intrigued by certain mysteries of science, he was considered a slow learner. His failure to become fluent in German until the age of nine even led some teachersto believe he was disabled. Einstein's post-basic education began at the Luitpold Gymnasium when he was ten. It was here that he first encountered the German spirit through the school's strict disciplinary policy. His disapproval of this method of teaching led to his reputation as a rebel. It was probably these differences that caused Einstein to search for knowledge at home. He began not with science, but with religion. He avidly studied the Bible seeking truth, but this religious fervor soon died down when he discovered the intrigue of science and math. To him, these seemed much more realistic than ancient stories. With this new knowledge he disliked class even more, and was eventually expelled from Luitpold Gymnasium being considered a disruptive influence. Feeling that he could no longer deal with the German mentality, Einstein moved to Switzerland where he continued his education. At sixteen he attempted to enroll at the Federal Institute of Technology but failed the entrance exam. This forced him to study locally for one year until he finally passed the school's evaluation. The Institute allowed Einstein to meet many other students that shared his curiosity, and It was here that his studies turned mainly to Physics. He quickly learned that while physicists had generally agreed on major principals in the past, there were modern scientists who were attempting to disprove outdated theories. Since most of Einstein's teachers ignored these new ideas, he was again forced to explore on his own. In 1900 he graduated from the Institute and then achieved citizenship to Switzerland. Einstein became a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office in 1902. This job had little to do with physics, but he was able to satiate his curiosity by figuring out how new inventions worked. The most important part of Einstein's occupation was that it allowed him enough time to pursue his own line of research. As his ideas began to develop, he published them in specialist journals. Though he was still unknown to the scientific world, he began to attract a large circle of friends and admirers. A group of students that he tutored quickly transformed into a social club that shared a love of nature, music, and of course, science. In 1903 he married Mileva Meric, a mathematician friend. In 1905, Einstein published five separate papers in a journal, the Annals of Physics. The first was immediately acknowledged, and the University of Zurich awarded Einstein an additional degree. The other papers helped to develop modern physics and earned him the reputation of an artist. Many scientists have said that Einstein's work contained an imaginative spirit that was seen in most poetry. His work at this time dealt with molecules, and how their motion affected temperature, but he is most well known for his Special Theory of Relativity which tackled motion and the speed of light. Perhaps the most important part of his discoveries was the equation: E=mc2. After publishing these theories Einstein was promoted at his office. He remained at the Patents Office for another two years, but his name

Critical Analysis of Crime and Punishment

Critical Analysis of Crime and Punishment Free Online Research Papers Crime and Punishment was like no other book that I have read in a while. The style, plot, settings and especially characters were all completely different and in now way associate with much of the books that I have recently read. Fyodor Dostoyevsky truly reaches the teaching of wrong and right, and how your conscience can break through your mind, such as the main character Raskolnikov. The story line has an investigation of the forces that impel a man toward sin, suffering and grace. This plot has the amazing characteristic of what makes Crime and Punishment a true classic. The books memorable main character, Raskolnikov, makes for a perfect recipe in the book. He is a lonely man living on his own with much debt on his hands. He commits a crime, by murdering a pawn shop lady, in order to get money to pay off all his troubles. But after he commits his crime, he runs off, taking almost nothing from the woman he had purposely killed, except for a long journey of misery. Raskolnikov remained quite, until detectives began to come under his skin as well as his conscience. He could not live in peace anymore until his dirty deed was revealed in order to have peace within himself. This character, as well as many others in the story, remains the focal point of the mysterious conscience of human kind. The plot shows how one can imagine things, or almost go insane if not taken to the honest truth in ones soul. It shows that living a lie can ruin ones health and can result in a complete finish. The main character demonstrates how life in a lie and suffering is the key towards another beginning. Suffering can lead someone into feeling the lost happiness, and the only way it can be found is by suffering. This book named good points in human values and how a troubled character can lead to a new beginning with a new epiphany. Some of the qualities of the book that were favorable was the plot. I enjoyed the style and language and the lessons taught throughout the text. I enjoyed how the storyline was about a mystery that was already revealed in the beginning of the book, but it still kept the audience wanting to learn more about the still mysterious character. Another subject that enchanted me about this book is that it some what relates to Fyodor Dostoyevsky. It is very interesting to learn about a foreign author and bout the troubles in their life that lead to a successful and classic story to literature today. There was one quality that I personally did not like about this book. I did not favor the fact that this book was a translation. It was written well, but sometimes words can get changed, and the whole affect of a caption can be changed just by one single word. Translations cannot always mean the same thing in another language and can change the feeling that an author might have been trying to portray in a certain section of the book. Overall the book was a great read and I do recommend it to any other person whom might like to read about mystery and suspension. The book took different levels of moods and kept me interested throughout the whole time. That multiple characters and situations that were introduced made me want to read more a more in order to discover the true meaning of the main character. Raskolnikov’s feelings and conscience and also his hard work towards happiness made this a good read. The ever changing mood made the plot more interesting chapter by chapter. Also despite the length of the book, it was interesting to read such a unique passage about the human qualities of their conscience and how happiness is only met by truth and honesty. The difference between the good and evil repeats its self all over again to teach a life lesson in Crime and Punishment. Research Papers on Critical Analysis of "Crime and Punishment"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is Art

An investigation into perceptions of employee benefits in UK Literature review

An investigation into perceptions of employee benefits in UK - Literature review Example Employee benefits can be short term, long term and termination benefits. Short term benefits generally include monetary and non-monetary benefits for a short period. Long term benefits include pensions and other retirement plans. A possible narrowest definition will include employer-provided benefits for accident, death, retirement, sickness or unemployment (Weathingtin and Tetrik, 2009). However, in order to better understand the employee benefits, it is important to cover all forms of employee benefits and compensation schemes used across the globe. The most frequently used employee benefit forms are as follows: 2. Payments for retirement plans and private insurance: These include costs of starting such plans and contributions in forms of payments or insurance premiums through alternative arrangements for funding (The British Psychological society, 2014). The government has set policies for providing benefits under various plans in case of personal loss. The personal loss covers the following aspects: 4. Extra payments to employees through cash. Other than bonuses and wages, cash payments are also provided to employees on the basis of performance. This category of benefits includes the following factors: Employee benefits and compensation packages have become a very common as well as necessary phenomenon for employees and workers in the 21st century. As a result of globalizations and increasing opportunities in work and career, workers and employees have started realizing their worth and have started demanding more from their employers (Dulebohn, et al., 2009). As a result companies have not integrated benefits and compensation system into their core management. As the economic environment is becoming more service oriented and work forces are becoming white collars, these employee benefits are naturally expected. The necessity of employee benefits is more for employers than for employees. In the current

Channels for Specific Audinece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Channels for Specific Audinece - Essay Example In addition, 33.1% of all households were composed of individuals living alone, of which 6.2% was someone 65 years of age or older. The average household size in Raleigh was 2.30 persons, and the average family size was 2.97 persons. Raleighs population in 2000 was evenly distributed with 20.9% below the age of 18, 15.9% aged 18 to 24, 36.6% from 25 to 44, and 18.4% from 45 to 64. An estimated 8.3% of the population was 65 years of age or older, and the median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males; for every 100 females aged 18 or older, there were 96.6 males aged 18 or older.† (http://www.wikipedia.com). 1. Renters. There are no specific data about the population profile of renters. According to statistics renters have less annual income than home owners. The media chosen for renters are newspapers and more specifically the â€Å" News & Observer† which is the largest daily newspaper of Raleigh, â€Å"Carolina† which is a monthly newspaper distributed for free so it can reach a large audience and â€Å"Triangle Tribune† in order to reach the Afro-American community. The internet will also be used as media channel for renters and more specifically it will be the New Raleigh which focuses on night life, restaurants etc. TV will be also included and more specifically the WUNC-TV because it shows the popular EastEnders comedy on Sunday nights – a day that most people stay at home because Monday is a working day. 2. Women who are owners of small business. The restaurant will use newspapers for reaching this target group and more specifically all the free newspapers like Independent Weekly, Carolina Journal and The Slammer. Free newspapers have the advantage that they are distributed to areas where lots of people gather i.e. subways etc. The Slammer has the advantage that is available at local

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Marketing Plan - Essay Example ignificance of the fast food industry and major factors forming and regulating the industry and the environment under which it experiences its slow but steady and unbroken growth. Location: Location and surroundings of a business place play the most pivotal part in the success or failure of a company. The location for the very first restaurant of this fast food brand is suggested to be selected beside the beautiful lake, seven miles away from the city, where this newly introduced fast food will be launched within few months. The main reason behind establishing this location for the restaurant includes the peaceful and serene atmosphere, which is particularly attractive and appealing to the families, friends, youngsters, lovers and children alike. Hence, the individuals belonging to every age and socioeconomic status will enjoy themselves to drive towards the restaurant offering multiple food and entertainment facilities under an ideal and healthy environment. Targeting & Segmentation of Customers: Since food industry is one of the fastest growing businesses of the contemporary era, targeting and segmentation of the clients and customers is the most imperative strategy for an entrepreneur. Since fast food is particularly appealing to every socioeconomic class as well as age-group, both young and old are the target customers for the restaurant. The restaurant will have to assure the hygiene of the product it offers to its customers, so that it can witness a constant growth for the future years to come. In addition, being a bit away from the commercial and residential areas of the city, the restaurant will have to assure the quality of its product along with presentation of it under a pleasant, eye-catching, jubilant and enjoyable atmosphere, so that the visitors cannot resist the charm it offers to them at their first visit. Nature of Food: The restaurant aims to offer egg rolls, burgers, pizza, fried chicken pieces, nuggets, French fries and other immediately

Features of Non-literary Translation

Features of Non-literary Translation Introduction Text Bankers bonuses: Caps on pay are no way to restore the financial system to health (text 1) and text Labour conference: Talking to itself (text 2) are quite different and at the same time share some common features. The title of text 1 suggests that the text is about cutting top-bankers salaries and its overall effect on the financial system of the country. Whereas, judging by the title, the subject matter of the second text is the results of the Labour party conference. The texts are both specialised, but the specialist fields differ: text 1 belongs to the field of business and economics and text 2 is a national political text. The last part of this essay will look at this aspect in detail; the first two will aim at the comparative analysis in terms of text type and purpose, register and readership, lexis and syntax; the third part will deal with potential translation problems aroused by certain lexical items. Abbreviations: ST source text TT target text BT back translation Text type and purpose, genre, register and readership As Hatim and Mason state, generally most texts are hybrid in their nature, but text purposes may only be viewed in terms of dominances of a given purpose or contextual focus (1990: 146). Text 1 is purely argumentative, while text 2 can be also called hybrid, as it comprises some features of narration (report on the Labour party conference held in September of 2009), but mainly argumentation. According to Hatim and Masons text typology, text 2 belongs to the type of the through-argument, which is citing the thesis and arguing it through (1990: 152). Indeed, the author at the very beginning states that the leading political party is separated from the British people and it is unlikely to be re-elected, because the public trust was lost, and then he proves that idea in each paragraph, making a conclusion at the end that Labour is not loved by public, therefore there is not too much hope for them to win the future elections. As for text 1, it can be classified as the counter-argumentativ e. At first, the author cites John Kenneth Galbraith, a very famous economist of the second half of the 20th century, who expressed his negative attitude to the bonuses system. Then in each paragraph he opposes that thesis by various arguments, giving examples of how that problem is solved in other countries and in the UK. Finally, he expresses his own opinion that the problem is very acute but legislation to cut bankers salaries is all wrong and another way out should be found by the British government in order to restore the financial system of the country. So the texts belong to the same text type (with the hint of hybridisation in text 2), meaning that their main function is persuasive. It is known, that the intention of the text represents the SL writers attitude to the subject matter (Newmark P. 1988:12). The notion of the text type is closely connected with the purpose of the text. Thus the authors of both texts aim at appealing to their addressees by promoting acceptance or evaluation of some ideas or concepts. Moreover, the choice of lexis in both texts is strongly determined by the authors intentions, text type and purpose: the texts are marked by the use of connotative words which immediately indicates the argumentative text type. Lexical features of the texts will be looked at in detail later. As a conventional text type that is associated with a specific communicative function (Munday J. 2001: 91-92) genres of the texts are also linked with their argumentative nature; especially text 2 which is an editorial from the online version of the Guardian newspaper (editorials usually have highly evaluative content and, as can be assumed, appellative purpose). Text 2, as a comment from www.timesonline.co.uk, is characterised by the persuasive function of the whole text with the little difference that it also performs, although not predominantly, an informative function, which is typical of the genre of a newspaper article. Register, as a variety of language that a language user considers appropriate to a specific function (Baker M. 1992: 15), always depends on intention, text type, genre and purpose of the text. Text 1 and 2 can be also compared in this sense meaning that the first text, as stated before, deals with problems in banking sector, so it belongs to the field of economics, whereas text 2 is clearly political. There is also a difference between two texts in terms of tenor: text 1 has a higher level of formality than text 2 as it is more specialised, while text 2 is less formal. Although in both texts the register is semi-formal. The texts are similar in the mode written to be read reflectively, because the authors aim at producing that kind of effect. As it was stated before, text 1 and 2 are from the national English newspapers which are ranked as highly authoritative sources. That is why their intended readership is, obviously, an educated public, presumably of middle or upper class, who reads that kind of newspapers. Although the distinction can be made here in terms of different fields of these texts: text 1 is addressed to the people who are able to understand and evaluate economical issues, whereas text 2 is mostly aimed at those who are interested in politics. Overall, the readership for both texts is quite the same: it entitles a great deal of cultural background knowledge and assumes a substantial, but not very specialised, knowledge of political, economical, historical and social life on its national and international levels. Lexis, grammar and syntax Lexical and syntactic features of both texts are determined by several important factors which are certainly interdependent. Firstly, because they are argumentative they are marked by the extensive use of connotative words, mainly negative in meaning: (text1) heady rewards'(line 4), public fury'(line 10), full-blown financial panic'(line 18), shed his troubles'(line 18), ambitious plan'(line 19), expresses dismay'(line 24), introduce distortions'(line 33), reform'(line 39), hobble the City'(line 40), landgrab'(line 42), bloated'(line 45) But in text 2 the connotative lexis is stronger than in the first one, again, because of its argumentative text type, editorial genre, authors appellative intention and persuasive function. (text 2) dreary apparatus'(line 3), speaking mournfully'(line 6), retrospective regret'(line 8), dogmatic enthusiasm'(line 13), helium-voiced theatricality'(line 22), cheeky self-referential game'(line 27), populist crackdown'(line 36), crusade'(line 39), inject passion'(line 35) The selection of words in terms of style is also different in two texts: text 2 is marked by the use of colloquialisms, together with more formal lexis: (text 2) smash down'(line 5), backward-looking'(line 10), what on earth'(line 20), boils down'(line 15), keep leadership alive'(line 10), drive the party further'(line 15), awful idea'(line 41), fell flat'(line 29), messy'(line 37) In this case such lexical choice depends a lot on highly persuasive effect the author aims at producing in the text. There is no doubt that the field of specialisation has strong influence on the language of the texts. Text 1 is about banking and economics, that is why there are many terms from this field: (text 1) boardroom'(line 4), chief executive'(line 5), corporation'(line 5), global economy'(line 11), banking sector'(line 8), recapitalise'(line 20), traders'(line 27), compensation schemes'(line 31), tax liabilities'(line 36), chairman'(line 43), economic case'(line 44), financial instability'(line 15) The following example illustrates another feature of economical texts, noun clusters, which are several nouns and adjectives to designate one single concept (Guadalupe Acedo Dominguez and Patricia Edward Rokowski, Ph.D., available at http://accuparid/Journal/21clusters.htm, last updated on 05.03/2003): (text 1) short-term trading profits'(line 29), risk-adjusted profits'(line 32) As for text 2, it is similar to text 1 in terms of the use of terminology, but this time the terms belong to the field of politics: (text 2) political conference'(line 3), ministers'(line 7), strategy'(line 10), electorate'(line 15), polling day'(line 19), speeches'(line 22), technocratic instrument'(line 42) The terms from other disciplines are widely used in both texts, again, because the fields of politics and economics are characterised by this feature: (text 1) policymakers'(line 11), capitalism'(line 25), code of conduct'(line 26), legislation'(line 33) (text 2) apparatus'(line 4), security state'(line 4), economic crisis'(line 12), recovery'(line 13), secure zone'(line 17), financial crisis'(line 35), populist'(line 36) Political texts are a part and/or result of politics, they are historically and culturally determined (Schà ¤ffner C. Strategies of Translating Political Texts, Text Typology and Translation, edited by Trosberg A., 1997: 119). This can also be said about economical texts. That is why both texts are abundant in culture-specific references (proper names, dates, personal, historical and geographical references): (text 1) John Kenneth Galbraith (line 4), the G20 (line 9), the City'(line 40), Mr Brown line 18), Angela Merkel (line 26), president Sarkozy (line 24), the incomes policies of the 1970s (line 34), Lord Turner Ecchinswell (line 43), the Financial Services Authority (line 43) (text 2) Labour (line 10), Gordon Brown (line 11), the Conservatives (line 16), Alistair Darling (line 21), Peter Mandelson (line 21), the City (line 36), Progress rally (line 43), 11 ministers (line 43), chancellor (line 24), business secretary (line 28) Texts 1 and 2 are both rich in figurative language, mainly metaphors and metonyms (influenced by their text type, purpose and field). For example, Newmark says that game metaphors are frequent in political texts (1991: 158), which can be shown by the example: (text 2) Lord Mandelson played with the hall, a cheeky self-referential game (line 26) Here Mandelsons speech is compared to a game, thus metaphorically establishing a comparison between one idea and another (Beard A. 2000: 19). Synecdoche, as a type of metonymy when the part stands for the whole, is used in the second text (face stands for the person): (text 2) convincing face of a crusade against the City (about Alistair Darling) (line 39) There are many other metaphors and metonyms in text 2: (text 2) age-old characteristic'(line 31), chase the prime minister'(line 19), left the country cold'(line 27), conference speaking mournfully to itself'(line 6), etc. Text 1 is not that rich in figurative language as text 2, because it deals with economical problems, still a few examples can be given: (text 1) bloated (financial sector)'(line 45), market award'(line 5), contaminating the wider economy'(line 16), hobble the City'(line 40) As far as grammar is concerned, in both texts such parts of speech as adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions and particles, emotive verbs are used extensively which is related to the argumentative text type conventions: (text 1) heady rewards'(line 4), widespread belief'(line 8), populist and fanciful schemes'(line 15), competitively'(line 17), likely'(line 10), ambitious plan'(line 19), commensurate penalty'(line 30), shed his troubles'(line 18), sought to rescue the global economy'(line 11), inveigh against'(line 11), expresses dismay'(line 24), insists'(line 27), are adept at inventing'(line 36), devoted themselves'(line 35), but'(line 21), however'(line 23) (text 2) dreary apparatus'(line 3), valedictory dispatches'(line 7), wrong'(line 16), feelgood therapy'(line 22), mutual distrust'(line 45), awful idea'(line 41), speaking mournfully'(line 6), helium-voiced'(line 22), fighting for their future'(line 7), cutting the party off'(line 5), smash down'(line 5), turned on the public'(line 18), indulged in'(line 22), fell flat'(line 29), demean'(line 32), certainly'(line 36), but'(line 6), still'(line 28), if'(line 19), only'(line 33), at least'(line 10) Both texts are marked by the use of active voice of verbs. It is linked to the authors intentions and the text purpose, when it is important to point out agents of the action (individuals, parties, groups, economies or countries) in order to appeal to the reader: (text 1) public furyreflects'(line 8), governments are outdoing'(line 13), Mr brown shed his troubles and sought to rescue'(line 18), Mr Browns notion never extended'(line 21), governments seen the opportunity'(line 23), search of profits generated large rewards'(line 29) (text 2) ministers are writing'(line 7), party feels'(line 8), the Conservatives would threaten recovery'(line 13), party made no attempt'(line 18), both men found it easier'(line 30) To achieve emphasis in meaning modal verbs are often used in both texts: (text 1) Gordon Brown could perform. (line 14), Mr Brown should not mistake'(line 41) (text 2) they should be fighting'(line 7), no minister should talk'(line 24), the debate should be had in public'(line 42) Transitivity of verbs also adds to their emphatic meaning: (text 1) cap bankers pay'(line 13), prevent financial instability'(line 15), recapitalise the banks'(line 20), seen the opportunity'(line 23) (text 2) smash down barriers'(line 5), left the country cold'(line 27), writing dispatches'(line 7), demean your opponents'(line 32), won an argument'(line 40) Mostly present and future tenses are used in both texts to show either the real state of things, the authors statements expressing their negative attitude or not very promising predictions: (text 1) And bankers are adept at inventing ways to minimize tax liabilities. (line 36) But legislation to cap bankers pay is not the answer. (line 33) (text 2) That is true, but only adds to the need to talk about the future. (line 33) The disadvantage is that it will drive the party further from the electorate. (line 14) Syntactic features of the text are certainly determined by the argumentative text type. Thus both text 1 and 2 do not have a very complex syntax. The average length of the sentences is medium. Text 2, being explicitly appellative, comprises more short sentences than text1: (text 2) He is right. (line 24) At least Labour now has a strategy. (line 10) He still knows what is needed. (line 28) There is certainly much to do. (line 36) The sentences are relatively simple. In those which are complex the main clauses and the subordinate clauses are connected with conjunctions or temporal adverbs. Conditional clauses are typical of the argumentative text type: they are used to reflect the authors opinion: (text 1) If employers wished to reward staff, they would do it in benefits rather than in cash. (line 34) (text 2) if you win the next election, what on earth do you want to do with the next four years? (line 19) The types of the sentences are determined by the argumentative text type of the texts: there are statements, rhetorical question and even imperative used for emphasis: (text 1) There is a problem in bankers pay. (line 29) It is not to hinder the banking sector from operating competitively. (line 16) Recall the incomes policies of the 1970s. (line 34) (text 2) At least Labour now has a strategy. (line 10) He is right. (line 24) if you win the next election, what on earth do you want to do with the next four years? (line 19) The word order in both texts is fixed, although there is a slight deviation from the English norm (subject + predicator + object + adjunct), when the time adjunct precedes the subject (in purposes of emphasising its meaning in the sentence): (text 2) Too late, Labour is trying to inject passion into its response to the financial crisis (line 35) On the textual level, both texts have much in common in terms of cohesive devices used for emphasis, opposition, contrast or reasoning, as they are markers of the argumentative text type. For example, adversative, temporal and continuative conjunctions used as connectors between sentences relate sentences, clauses and paragraphs to each other (Baker M. 1992: 190): (text 1 ) But it is easier for policymakers to inveigh against highly paid bankers (line 11) Other European governments have, however, seen the opportunity to propose tough new regulation. (line 23) And bankers are adept at inventing ways to minimise tax liabilities. (line 36) (text 2) At least Labour now has a strategy. (line 10) He spoke much of the time in the past tense, while Lord Mandelson played with the hall (line 26) That is true, but only adds to the need to talk about the future. (line 33) In text 2 parallelism is used emphatically as a perfect cohesive device to stress out Labours separation from the public (the structure from the topic sentence of the first paragraph is repeated but filled with the new content in the last paragraph): (text 2) still fences, scanners, identity badges and armed police. (line 4) Sitting inside its steel fence, Labour is asking why it is no longer loved. (line 46) Potential translation problems in text 1 Translating this text from English into Russian, a translator might experience some translation problems, connected with specialist and culture-bound terms and collocations used in the source text. For example: (ST) central bankers (line 9) (BT) heads of central banks. In Russian the constituents of this economic term cannot collocate and translated literally would sound wrong, thus the strategy of supplementation plus translation using related words is used. Another example of the problem connected with specialist terms: (ST) capital reserves (line 37) (BT) reserved capital In Russian this economical term is represented in a different form from the grammatical point of view: the word order and the parts of speech are changed. The translator should be careful in rendering this term accurately. In the following example the term is translated literally, because it represents an exact notion, suggested by Gordon Brown: (ST) new international financial architecture (line 21) In this case the potential translation problem of non-equivalence is solved but in order to do it the translator has to do some research on parallel texts in the target language. The translation problem can be aroused while translating the following jargon expression: (ST) cap bankers pay (line 13) (BT) limit bankers bonuses The English colloquial expression is translated by the more neutral Russian equivalent. This choice is determined by style and register conventions of the target language; in English the use of colloquial language in newspaper articles on serious political or economical issues is common, whereas in Russian a more formal expression is stylistically more appropriate. As Schà ¤ffner points out, texts with references to a wide range of cultural patterns of the society in question, including aspects of its economic, political and legal life, require a lot of background knowledge for a coherent interpretation(1997: 133). Consequently, the translating cultural words and collocations may pose difficulties for the translator. (ST) John Kenneth Galbraith (line 4) (BT) a famous economist, John Kenneth Galbraith It is necessary to use the strategy of supplementation plus explanation, because not all the readers in the target culture would be familiar with this European name. (ST) incomes policies of the 1970s (line 34) (BT) unsuccessful incomes policies of the 1970s in Britain Translating from English into Russian it is better to specify the result of the particular economic measures in Britain, as the term is clearly culture-specific and needs to be explained to the target reader. (ST) City bonuses (line 8) (BT) bonuses of the City of London Again, when this cultural reference is first met in the text it is necessary to explain which City the author refers to. (ST) Financial Services Authority (line 43) (BT) Financial Services Office The name of organisation will possibly cause a translation problem, especially if the translator is not an expert in the field of economics in the target language. There might be problems at the above word level: (ST) financial sector that is bloated (line 45) (BT) bloated financial sector According to Larson, the metaphor may be kept if the receptor language permits (that is, if it sounds natural and is understood by the readers) (1998: 279). In Russian it is possible to keep this metaphorical image. But the word should be put in the inverted commas not to make it sound colloquial in Russian. (ST) hobble the City (line 40) (BT) cause troubles for the City In English the meaning of this expression is idiomatic (to cause to limp). In Russian there is no idiomatic equivalent with the same meaning, that is why the translation strategy of paraphrase is used here. Moreover, in Russian it would be stylistically inappropriate to use an idiom in the text of semi-formal register published in the national newspaper. Although the translator should take into account the text type conventions. Thus the colloquial word in the inverted commas would be an option in the same type of argumentative text in the target language. Field of specialisation According to Desbalches communication pyramid, texts 1 and 2 can be positioned on the level 5, as they are produced by generalists in number of sciences and addressed to educated, interested general public (2001: 21). What makes these texts specialised is that they belong to certain specialist fields and that they are marked by the use of terminology specific to those fields. As it was stated before, the fields of specialisation in text 1 and 2 are different. Text 1 belongs to the field of banking which is a sub-field of business and economics. The language of the text, as in any text of economic discourse, is very specific: it relates to other fields such as politics and history, that is why not only specialist terms listed before are widely used but also many external terms can be found: (text 1) populist'(line 15) (historical), policymakers'(line 11) (political), code of conduct'(line 26) (legal), statute'(line 38) (political and legal), etc. An abundance of culture-bound references is an important feature of the language of economics. The cultural, personal, historical and geographical references occur frequently in the text: (text 1) Gordon Brown (line 14), the City (line 40), the Financial Services Authority (line 43), the incomes policies of the 1970s (line 34) Text 2 belongs to the field of politics. It is literary in style (as many other texts of the same field, especially those of the argumentative text type), that is why there are numerous examples of strong connotative and colloquial language: (text 2) bombast'(line 21), smash down (line 5), fell flat (line 29), awful idea (line 41), mutual distrust (line 45), technocratic instrument (line 42), messy (line 37), ingratitude (line 18), fighting for their future (line 7), sly jibes (line 31) Also the extensive use of figurative language is essential for political texts. The language in text 2 is marked by the use of metaphors and metonyms adding to the effect of emotiveness and evaluation: (text 2) two worlds in one town (line 3), crusade against the City (line 39); when it talks to people outside will it discover the answer (line 47) (about Labour); Lord Mandelson played with the hall (line 26); sitting inside its steel fence (line 46) (about Labour) Irony as a figure of speech, often found in political texts, is also used here: (text 2) It boils down to telling voters that they are wrong not to thank the government for the good things it has done. (line 15) Mr Darling enhances the government with a quiet reliability and he was well-mannered enough yesterday came not to point out that the prime minister came within hours of sacking him last June. (line 37) Both texts, as they belong to language-specific fields of politics and economics, comprise some concepts of abstraction: (text 1) public fury (line 8), individual (line 6), widespread belief (line 8), issue (line 10), new regulation (line 23), large rewards (line 30) (text 2) apparatus (line 4), strategy (line 10), separation (line 6), enthusiasm (line 13), decency (line 21) At last, text 2 can be addressed not only to the source language community, meaning that it has a wider political audience in mind (Schà ¤ffner C. 1997: 127). Bibliography Baker, M. (1992) In Other words, A Coursebook on translation. London: Routledge Beard, A. (2000) The Language of Politics. London: Routledge Desblache L. (2001) Aspects of Specialised Translation. Paris: La Maison Dictionnaire Guadalupe Acedo Domingez and Patricia Edward Rokowski, Ph.D, University of Extramadura, Spain (2002) Implications in Translating Economic Texts Translation Journal 6 (3). Available at http://accuparid/Journal/21clusters.htm, last updated on 05.03.2002 Hatim, B. and Mason, I. (1990) Discourse and the Translator. London: Longman Larson M. L. (1998) Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence. New York: University Press of America Inc. Munday, J. (2001) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. London: Routledge Newmark, P. (1991) About Translation. New York/London: Clevedon: Prentice Hall Newmark, P. (1988) A Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall Europe Schà ¤ffner C. (1997) Strategies of Translating Political Texts, Text Typology and Translation [edited by Trousberg A.]. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 119-143

Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now Essay -- Apocalypse Now Essays

Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now The political and social unrest of the 1970s provided Hollywood with some of its most influential films, often stemming from unlikely sources; two decades after melodrama's heyday, the genre re-emerged in an original form that continues to affect modern filmmaking. The historical influences of Italian opera and Hollywood family melodramas spawned a type of film that has been described as "historical, operatic, choral or epic" (Greene 388). Filmmakers of the 1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodramatic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, follows an Oedipal trajectory simila r to those found in many 1950's family melodramas. The surreal, and often ironic use of music provides a startling counterpoint to the actions on screen. The film is imbued with many of the representative motifs, such as sexual dysfunction and alcoholism, which are found in earlier melodramas. Apocalypse Now helped to establish a new film genre - the operatic melodrama - that combined the historical representations of classic melodramas with the raw spectacle of modern filmmaking. Although distinctive melodramatic traditions developed in multiple countries, the Italian model is the most similar to that of the 1970's epic. While some melodramatic traditions evolved through novels or the theatre, "in Italy, ... ... out of a 1950s woman's film. The melodramatic influences of the film continue to manifest themselves in the newer release, just as Apocalypse Now continues to influence the epic movies of contemporary filmmakers. The unison of operatic spectacle and personal conflict spawned an original genre in the 1970s that remains an effective method of addressing social concerns. As we enter another period of political unrest and social change, it is likely that a new wave of melodramatic films is beginning to form on the horizon; there are certainly parallels between a government that declares war on terrorism and the U.S. army in Vietnam, who "knew everything about military tactics, but nothing about where they were or who the enemy was" (Cowie 143). From Conrad to Coppola, nuclear family to nuclear terrorism; never get off the boat, unless you're willing to go all the way. Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now Essay -- Apocalypse Now Essays Operatic Melodrama in Apocalypse Now The political and social unrest of the 1970s provided Hollywood with some of its most influential films, often stemming from unlikely sources; two decades after melodrama's heyday, the genre re-emerged in an original form that continues to affect modern filmmaking. The historical influences of Italian opera and Hollywood family melodramas spawned a type of film that has been described as "historical, operatic, choral or epic" (Greene 388). Filmmakers of the 1970s explored the traditional modes of melodramatic expression in order to address the socially charged times they lived in. Filmed in the wake of the Vietnam War, Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now is a complex treatise of human morality and modern warfare that expresses itself through melodramatic conventions. Coppola contained his war movie to the personal level, in order to make larger criticisms of the Vietnam conflict. The central narrative, based on Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, follows an Oedipal trajectory simila r to those found in many 1950's family melodramas. The surreal, and often ironic use of music provides a startling counterpoint to the actions on screen. The film is imbued with many of the representative motifs, such as sexual dysfunction and alcoholism, which are found in earlier melodramas. Apocalypse Now helped to establish a new film genre - the operatic melodrama - that combined the historical representations of classic melodramas with the raw spectacle of modern filmmaking. Although distinctive melodramatic traditions developed in multiple countries, the Italian model is the most similar to that of the 1970's epic. While some melodramatic traditions evolved through novels or the theatre, "in Italy, ... ... out of a 1950s woman's film. The melodramatic influences of the film continue to manifest themselves in the newer release, just as Apocalypse Now continues to influence the epic movies of contemporary filmmakers. The unison of operatic spectacle and personal conflict spawned an original genre in the 1970s that remains an effective method of addressing social concerns. As we enter another period of political unrest and social change, it is likely that a new wave of melodramatic films is beginning to form on the horizon; there are certainly parallels between a government that declares war on terrorism and the U.S. army in Vietnam, who "knew everything about military tactics, but nothing about where they were or who the enemy was" (Cowie 143). From Conrad to Coppola, nuclear family to nuclear terrorism; never get off the boat, unless you're willing to go all the way.

Reflection on Queen Elizabeth’s Leadership

Reflection on Leadership `Queen Elizabeth is a leader that possesses many greatqualities. She has a vision of earningher people’s lovethroughrespect, understanding and being unprejudiced. As a leader, she accepts the opinions of her advisors but at the same time thinks rationally and decides on what is the right thing to do. ` `In chapter one,Queen Elizabeth and her ministerswere discussing on how Mary Stuart, a Catholic,isthe Queen of England in waiting. It was also said by Howard, one of her ministers that all Catholics are traitors as their loyalty is to the Pope of Rome. I believe that it was right for Queen Elizabeth to say that she will not punish her people for their belief but only for their wrong doings. This shows that she understands that by allowing her people tolive freely, it creates joy and happiness among the people. This in return will allow her to earn the love from her people. I can see thatas much as she wants to maintain a good relation with her loyal Protestant supporters and her ministers, she makes decisions for the good of her country and her people even though some people might not agree with her decisions. From this situation,it shows that the Queen adopts pragmatism, fairness and transparency. She makes a practical decision about an issue, she treats everyone equally, she is open and that her rules, regulations decisions are made clear. `Chapter seventeen is when the story really makes her stand out as an organized,brave, honest yet motivating leader. Quoted, Queen Elizabeth said â€Å"My lords, I can offer you no words of comfort. If this Armada succeeds there will be no more freedom in our land, and England will be no more. We cannot be defeated. † This few sentences show thatshe believes that her people should be self motivated to perform their duties. However she encourages her people not by telling them words of comfort but telling the m the consequences. She uses reverse psychology to turn fear into strength,braveryand commitment to the country. ` `Queen Elizabeth is well-organized leader as she is able to leadthe country andalso delegate the tasksequally according to her people’s capabilities. This can be seen when Queen Elizabeth issued commands as Hatton,Walsingham, the Queen’s entourage and the Queen herself entered the great vaulted nave of St Paul’s to make their way towards the altar. In my opinion, she is also a risk taker when she sent out two ships to engagethe enemy. This is a quality of a good leader as someone who dares to take risks shows that they are not afraid to fail and try again. ` `As a leader, she does not mind dying in the midst of her people. This shows that although she is the Queen, she does not discriminate her people who are of lower rank. This is an important qualityin a leader as it will either make or break a trust. Lastly, I think Queen Elizabeth is a good leader because she recognizes contributions. She recognizes Raleigh’s contribution to the country and rewarded him with his wife, son and freedom. `

SHRED case analysis Essays

SHRED case analysis Essays SHRED case analysis Paper SHRED case analysis Paper Hal was appointed to lead an accountant team on November 15 His Job was to report the audit progress There are typically 4 positions in an audit team: Partner-in-charge: overall the most responsible one Manager: supervises the whole auditing process In-charge-senior: carries out the auditing plan Staff members: perform tasks Frank is the partner-in-charge Although very unfamiliar, Hal becomes one of the four seniors, but after Richard signs, Hal becomes in-charge-senior, Audit report needs to be done by January 15 There were many statements that couldnt be provided to Hal. Hal and Linda both encounter unusual items. Step 3: Write the problem statement. A. First list the symptoms of the overall problem thats causing the symptoms. The other senior auditors act in their own way rather than together. Frank has poor work ethics. Franks work ethics affects the whole auditing process The deadline is near. B. Then name the mall underlying Issue?the core problem Due to Franks poor work integrity, it affects Halls job and position as the in-charge- Enron. C. Write the problem statement. State the most significant problem in 3 to 5 sentences. Hal, the auditing In-charge-senior of Reheard Company, was assigned to audit the ABA Group Ltd. As a result of Franks, the partner-in-charge, poor work ethics, Halls position as the in-charge-senior and the whole assignment gets jeopardized. Hal must approach Frank within the next day to straighten things out and to talk to him about the teams findings, otherwise, Halls positions, the firm, and ABA will face bad consequences. Step 4: State an objective for the manager Involved. Short-term objective (s): 1. To straighten things out with Frank 2. To present the teams findings and to make sure the auditing team is on the same page. Long-term objective (s): 10 present a stressful rep 2. To work together as a team. Rotor Step 5: Identify and rank order critical issues (underlying issues) related to the problem. Were focusing on one underlying issue in many cases, but there can be more than one. 1. Due to Franks poor work ethics, it affects Halls Job and position as the in-charge-senior. 2. The team is not working together, nor are they on the same page. 3. An audit report for the ABA is due on January 15. Step 6: Consider relevant information (facts) and underlying assumptions related to the problem. The other senior auditors act in their own way rather than together. Frank has poor work ethics. Step 7: List possible solutions to the problem. 1 . ) Hal can go ahead report his findings Advantages It will deal with the situation with Frank The right thing would be done/work ethics and integrity. Disadvantages It makes him a little tattle tale for exposing Frank It will make the auditing group look bad, as if they can not work together. Possible Outcomes Best: The group changes and works with integrity. Most Likely: The Frank situation will be dealt with. Least Likely: The group will look bad. 2. ) Hal can go along with his teams report There will be a report to present to ABA Even though the Frank situation wont be brought to attention, it will make the group look as if they worked together, professionally. Disadvantages It is not the right thing to do Frank will continue to act like this Best: ABA will never find out about the issues regarding Frank Most Likely: They will have something to present to ABA Least Likely: ABA find out about all the issues happening within the auditing group step B: select ten Test solution. I think the best solution for Hal is to report his own findings. With work, integrity and having good work ethics is absolutely important. It is important for the own individual and of course the company. Frank might thinks that he is benefiting from it, but it really is going to affects him. Not only does it affect him, but it also affects his colleagues, the ABA, and Reheard Company. Step 9: Decide how to implement the solution. Hal should talk to Frank personally first. If that does not work I think Hal should bring the attention to maybe the boss of Reheard Company. It might make Hal seem like a tattle tale, but at the end of the day it is really about doing the right thing. Step 10: Explain how to communicate the solution. Hal should talk to Frank first and try to hash out the problem. They should discuss about his findings and then try to solve it right then and there. Hopefully Frank will change and see what the better choice and route is for him, the company, and his colleagues.

Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Example

Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Example Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Compare And Contrast Essay Essay Harry was only a baby when his parents, ill and James Potter, w re killed in front of him by Voltmeter. On that night, Voltmeter didnt only make him an rope an but also a famous wizard, for Voltmeter tried to kill him as well and failed leaving him w tit only a lightning bolt scar on his forehead. Dorado, on the other hand, grew up in a FAA mill of Death Eaters, followers Of Voltmeter. Since his father, Luscious Mallory, was a Death E eaters, he had no choice but to follow in his footsteps and join Voltmeters side. Even though Harry and Dorado are from rich purebloods families, they grew up differently. Being an orphan, Harry was put in the custody of his Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon, who hated IM and his parents for being wizards. Harry grew up as a servant for his ann. t and uncle, never knowing that he was a wizard. He never had a parent figure in his life until M Loll Wesley mothered him and Tumbledown, Headmaster of Hogwashs, put him under his wing. While Harry had no mother, Dorado had an overbearing but loving mother, Narcosis Mallory Luscious and Narcosis believed in pure blood lines and hated anyone who wasnt a purebloods Odd, thus engraving the same beliefs onto Dorado. Since having utterly different childhoods, Harry and Dramas personalities are i complete contrast. At Hogwashs, students get placed into one of the four ho sees based on their traits. Harry was placed into Gratifying, which represents bravery and courage e, and Dorado was placed into Slithering, which represents power and accelerations. Harry Pop utter showed courage by never backing down from Voltmeter and always putting others ah dead of himself. Dorado, on the other hand, only cared about himself and being better than eve Rooney else. Through his Hogwashs school years, Dorado was nothing but a bully who always needed his two idiotic henchmen, Crabber and Golly, to back him up and his fathers money and pop were to cower behind. Harry and Dorado also have different sets of standards that they follow. Harry doesnt believe in pure blood lines and thinks those born with magical abilities in mug glee families deserve it just as much as purebloods. He also always thought highly of his FAA there but when he found out his father was a bully in school, he was appalled. When Harry found d out how much money he had in his parents vault at Gringos, he didnt flaunt it or make him self superior to everyone because of it. He also didnt buy his way into the position of seeker on the Acquitted team and instead got it on sheer talent. Unlike Dorado, who bought his way on to the Acquitted team with his fathers money. He craves to be the best and since Potter is see n as a great wizard he tries to ridicule Harry into a laughing stock. Dorado also has a strong hatred for mudflows and those of the poorer hazarding families. When he finally becomes a Death Eater, he sees himself superior to Harry and tries to incite fear in all. Harry Potter and Dorado Mallory are iconic characters in the Harry Potter series. Even though one is brave and the other is selflessness, they are both necessities of the plot line. While Harry was always a good person, Dorado later became one after his year s at Hogwashs and getting away from the Death Eaters.

Latinos underepresentation in the criminal justice system are reflect Research Paper

Latinos underepresentation in the criminal justice system are reflect in the lack of latinos judges in the United States Supreme Court - Research Paper Example Without the promotion of a significant number of Latino legal professionals, Latinos perhaps have access to a very few culturally aware Latino legal experts to cater to the needs of the continuously increasing Latino population in the U.S. (Failde, 1997). This paper argues that Latino underrepresentation in the criminal justice system is reflected in the lack of Latino legal professionals or judges in the U.S. Supreme Court. Several qualitative and quantitative findings and statistics are available on affiliates of the legal profession who are self-identified Latino and hence offer some ideas about the opportunities, difficulties, and achievements of Latino judges and legal professionals (Rivera & Roure, 2012), and is crucial in gaining knowledge of the experiences of Latino legal experts. The rise of Latinos as a capably major electoral group is apparent in the judicial selection policymaking during the Bush administration. A Latino lawyer and past state judge, Alberto Gonzales, has become controversial because of his job as the head of the Bush judicial selection board. More importantly, the attempt of the Bush administration to assign Miguel Estrada to the federal appellate position brings a realization that Latinos can be a major political electorate. The appointment of Estrada was among the few disapproved by Democratic senators due to worries about his alleged fanatic conservatism (Chavez, 2011). It is widely believed that the Bush administration would want to take acclaim for assigning the very first Latino Supreme Court justice. However, in relation to other parts of judicial selection, there was no rise in the number of Latino judges from the conclusion of the Clinton presidency to the middle of the Bush government. Nevertheless, there was a little surge in t he population of Latino judges in U.S. District Courts (Smith et al., 2005). Regardless of whether Bush has the chance to

The Snows of Kilimanjaro Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Snows of Kilimanjaro - Research Paper Example "The Snows of Kilimanjaro† reveal that pursuing a life filled with materialism leads to regret, depression, obsession, and ultimately, death. It was also Hemingway who said that all fiction is autobiographical, in the sense that it is difficult for a writer to totally invent the materials for a story; it has to come from somewhere such as things that have actually happened, and the writer subconsciously utilizes the materials in his life experiences. Many of Hemingway's stories have a strong biographical background in them, because he had actually experienced all this in his frequent travels and adventures like big-game hunting, deep-sea fishing, and bullfighting. His prior training as a newspaper reporter and journalist also honed his writing style. It is not surprising this darker side of life may have influenced him to take his own life. But his suicide does not in any way detract from his iconic accomplishment as one of the most brilliant American writers. Discussion Mount Kilimanjaro is a mountain peak found in the African country of Tanzania. It is actually a dormant volcanic mountain that has three cones, namely Shira, Kibo, and Mawenzi. Tanzania is located on the eastern part of Africa, bordered by the countries of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Zambia, and Mozambique. The capital city of Dar es Salaam that faces the Indian Ocean to the east is the main commercial and political hub of this country. Its name was derived from the union of its two big states, Tanganyika and Zanzibar. But since 1996, the government moved its seat to the city of Dodoma, although Dar es Salaam is still its chief gateway to sea trade and also of its landlocked neighbors to the north, west, and south. A key attraction of Mt. Kilimanjaro is its being the highest mountain in the African continent. It rises to a height of 19,340 feet and offers scenic views for miles around, as the roof of Africa. Kilimanjaro has a temperate climate comprising five zones, and has uni que fauna and flora in huge rain forests, in addition to fantastic volcanic lava formations, and also glaciers. To climb to the top and sleep on the volcano's crater floor is truly a once-in-a-lifetime experience. The sheer majesty of Mt. Kilimanjaro attracts tourists from all over the world, paying substantial fees for a unique climb on this unique mountain. Its lofty heights invite all sorts of feelings, emotions, thoughts, and even contemplation on the meaning of life itself. This is the same mountain that Hemingway had immortalized in the title of his novel, having climbed it himself at a time when Africa was still largely unexplored during the period of empire and in the heyday of colonialism. The white settlers, adventurers, explorers, and administrators were looked up to by the black natives. Western academics studied the local cultures of the various tribes before these will disappear forever, tainted and influenced by the fast influx of Western civilization and gradually mo lded into the Western way of life and by propagation of religion. It was

Black Feminist Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Black Feminist Thought - Essay Example Black feminism thought refers to a contemplation which argues that class oppression, racism and sexism are inextricably bound as one. Black feminist thought can as well be described as an idea meant to show that women should all be treated equally and fairly regardless of race and sex. The manner in which all these three issues relate to each other is referred to as intersectionality. There are forms of feminism that strive to do away with class and sexism but tend to ignore race. In this case, discrimination against people especially women through racial foundation is high. Combahee River collective is a union which supported the black women by arguing that their liberation would do away with sexism, racism and oppression of class. From research in the past, it is clear that black women experienced oppression from the black women giving the impression that they could not live with the whites without having issues among them (Carby, 1982, 92). Alice Walker is one among many women who has contributed to fighting for rights of women by forming a movement that supports their rights. This movement was known as Alice Walker’s Womanism.... This is not the case with the white women as this is not how they are positioned. With this in mind, it is clear that black women are not treated fairly. There are black feminist organizations that have been formed since long ago but they have faced many challenges. These challenges faced are mainly implicated by other Black Nationalist political unions or white women. This is yet another factor showing that black women have had a rough time with the white ones in the past (Collins, 1990, 85). The main reason as to why this organisation was oppressed by other larger organizations is because most members moved from the large organisation joining it. The other reason explaining why the black women were oppressed is the stereotype that was attributed to them. In this case, sex was the main issue as black women were referred to as whores and bulldaggers. This is one issue giving a clear impression that they were considered to be useful in the society (Davis, 1981, 56). At this point it w as even more serious because black men were involved in oppressing them as well. At this point they did not face oppression from the whites only but also from the blacks. The blacks who oppressed the ladies in this case were men. There are three main challenges that black women had to face from the whites and these larger unions. These challenges are: i. Prove to their fellow black women that feminism was not for the white women only. ii. They had to make the white women share power with them equally which they had to do it by force. iii. They had to fight misogynist propensities of Black Nationalism. Over the years, many feminist movements and

Decadence in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Decadence in Nigeria Essay It is of no doubt that moral decadence has completely replaced core moral values in present times. This ravaging phenomenon is the cause of some of the major problems Nigeria is facing as a Nation. A society where the youths do not think of how tomorrow would be better than today or how to invent new things to automate processes involved in our daily activities rather focusing on how to enrich themselves by any means and controlling enormous wealth at a tender age. Many youths of today are engulfed in numerous means of gathering wealth and enjoying the good things of life tagging it hustling. when you ask an average youth what he does, he replies I am a hustler, you begin to wonder on what kind of job could it be that doesn’t have a name. It is rampant and prevalent and as a result has reduced the present youths to mediocrity. Recently, a youth corps member was asked as regards the new increment in youth corps members’ allowances, what will he use the money realized after NYSC for? He said he will get a car. It is nothing but a good example to show the degree of aberration currently going on in our society, total loss of focus, no entrepreneurship skills, no future plans, no thoughts about achievements, no more self-discovery, and decency is no more celebrated. In the world today, shame and shamelessness are rewarded with encomiums and emphasized recognition, Unclothedness is now directly proportional to your fame and acceptance, skimpy dresses are now tickets to classy events, songs that have intimate talks in them sell faster than the meaningful ones, when your trousers is around your waist then you are seen as a learner, big girls are now identified by level of exposure of their private parts. Even the world Religion and the institutions have failed in eradicating this dangerous way of life. What is the hope? Would the society continue to condone this act? Where will this lead us to? Is this how the great men of this world lived their youth lives? Fellow young minds, are we going make Nigeria a better place with this lack of focus and unscrupulousness, definitely NO.. Truly, a few of us are trying in our own capabilities to be useful to the society and act right but sincerely a few is not enough, we need a larger percentage of young minds to join the crusade and collectively move the nation forward by being creative, responsible, reliable, useful and patriotic. If you see no reason to help Nigeria, then there is a reason to be useful to your state, if u still see no reason, then your local government, if not your precious parents and family, what about your humble self, and if none of this motivates you to be useful, think about your unborn generations. The provisions of today would be used by the people of tomorrow. As a matter of fact, It is what the generation of Chief Obafemi Awolowo , Alh. Tafawa Balewa, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and the likes did that we are enjoying or suffering today. The good will be enjoyed and celebrated while the bad would be suffered for and be condemned. An activist used to say: our time shall past, but the history of our time will never past†. I put it to you today, Be part of the history of the struggle for a better Nigeria. Do anything in your capability to make your immediate society proud of you and appreciate you, do the right thing at the right time and never be an idle person. Discover yourself, your innermost strength and build it. Discover your Purpose  and the world would adore you like Rose†.

The Role of Deception in Hamlet Essay examples -- GCSE English Literat

The Role of Deception in Hamlet  Ã‚      In the play Hamlet, deception is a major factor in the cause of the deaths of all those who die in the play, including Hamlet himself. The following paragraphs will outline the deception involved in the deaths of various characters including: Polonius, Gertrude, Laertes, Ophelia, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Old Hamlet; as well as the downfall of the antagonist and protagonist: Claudius and Hamlet themselves. Dishonesty is a major factor in the deaths of many characters. "I'll silence me even here. Pray you be round with him." (III, iv, 4-5), is what Polonius says before hiding behind the arras in Gertrude's bedroom, and eavesdropping on Hamlet's conversation with his mother. Much to Polonius' misfortune, he is stabbed by Hamlet, who really intended to kill Claudius, mistaking him for Polonius behind the tapestry. Also, before Gertrude dies, Claudius says, "It is the poisoned cup; it is too late." (V, ii, 270). He is referring to the poisoned wine which he made for Hamlet, but Gertrude drank instead, and died as a result. As well, "The treacherous instrument is in thy hand, / Unbated and envenomed. The foul practice / Hath turned on me. Lo, here I lie, / Never to rise again." (V, ii, 294-297), is what Laertes says to Hamlet before he dies. Laertes tells Hamlet about how his own plan to kill Hamlet has turned on him, how he was blinded by rage over the death of his father, and how Claudius was the one who put him up to it. Other cases in which deceit is the cause of death include the death of Ophelia, given the impression that she is no longer loved, by Hamlet, who is just pretending to be mad and really has feelings for her. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were killed due to their ... ... Burnett, Mark Thornton. " 'For they are actions that a man might play': Hamlet as Trickster". Smith, Peter J., and Nigel Woods, eds. Hamlet.Buckingham: Open U P, 1996. (24-54). Leverenz, David. "The Inner Hamlet: An Interpersonal View". Schwartz, Murray M. and Coppelia Kahn, eds. Representing Shakespeare: New Psychoanalytic Essays. Baltimore: John Hopkins U P, 1980. Rosenberg, Marvin. "Deception in Hamlet". Thompson, Marvin, and Ruth Thompson, eds. Shakespeare and the Sense of Identity. Newark: U of Delaware P, 1989. Shakespeare, William. The New Cambridge Shakespeare: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1985. Thatcher, David. Begging to Differ: Modes of Discrepancy in Shakespeare. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. Vickers, Brian. Appropriating Shakespeare: Contemporary Critical Quarrels. New Haven: Yale U P, 1993

Oz/Management Information Systems

Oz/Management Information Systems, 6th edition Part Case Projects Part 1, â€Å"The Information Age† 1. Review the Gardeners+ part- and chapter-opening cases. Make a list of the inputs, processing, and outputs the owners must do. Now, armed with your list, go online to research a computer system—computer, printer, and any peripheral equipment—that you think will meet Gardeners+’s needs. Place that information in a spreadsheet that could be attached to the â€Å"Financial† section of Gardeners+’s business plan.Remember, the banker will review the plan to determine the business’s funding needs. 2. Gardeners+ constantly needs to review its business to come up with new ideas to compete in the gardening business. Review Figure 2. 1 on page 43 of the book, which lists eight ways to gain a competitive advantage. You, Amanda, Mary, and Ed will be meeting to generate some strategic plans for maintaining Gardeners+’s existing business and expanding into new areas. Do some research online or in business magazines to see how technology is being used in the gardening industry.Brainstorm some new uses for technology, too. For example, restaurants could give customers electronic menus and allow them to check items off electronically on a tablet PC. Come up with two new ideas for Gardeners+ to remain competitive. 3. Chapter 3 focuses on the use of information technology in various business functions. Review the business functions that Gardeners+ needs to carry out and make a list. Go online to research an application that will support as many of Gardeners+’s functions as possible. Explain why you believe this application is a good choice.

Synopses of Psychology Articles

1. Synopsis: This magazine picture displays the concept of depression. As the female blankly stares into space, she looks very stressed and depressed. This also displays prescription drug pills in which are falling as if they were raindrops, with a teddy bear, kids’ small wagon with blocks in the background, and the female holding a bottle which references as if she’s overly stressed from the pressures of parenting. This ultimately results with having to take the pills for her psychological disorder of depression. The woman also appears to be suffering from post partum depression, which could have led to her drug abuse. Moreover, common experiences of new motherhood, such as sleep disturbance, postpartum pain, psychological stress, and trauma also increase the chances of having post partum depression. Psychological Concept: Depression—Andrea, Barbalich, Moms on Drugs (2011) Parents Magazine pp. 140-1412. Synopsis: This is a poem that describes the many things tha t one does when having the sleep disorder of insomnia. The person tries many methods to go to sleep, but none seem to work, so they stay up and perform different movements and actions in hopes that they’ll eventually go to sleep. Nothing works, so they just accept the fact that sleep won’t come. Psychological Concept- Sleeping disorders- Chidi, S. (2006). Up! Education. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/up-education/3. Synopsis: This was a very interesting video that speaks of the psychological effects that stem from positive and negative reinforcements a parent gives a child to change their behavior. For example, a parent may spank a child to reinforce their behavior of lying habitually. This is a type of punishment that parents gear towards in hopes to positively change their child’s behavior. Psychological Concept- punishment-Zakaria, F. (Host), & McCullough, C. (Writer). (2011, May 16). Psychology: reinforcement and punishment [ Video file]. Retrieved from http://il.youtube.com/watch?v=1uTsQLH3vNQ&feature=related4. Synopsis: This website describes the many causes of drug and alcohol addiction that one may experience. It then goes on to mention the multiple treatments and therapies that one can seek to get through this life threatening psychological disorder. It not only affects the brain, but also affects the body detrimentally as well. This website is very informative on guiding them on a road to recovery. Psychological concept- drug and alcohol  use and addiction-Archer, D. (n.d.). Treatment approaches for drug addiction. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/infofacts/treatment-approaches-drug-addiction5. Synopsis: This is an article that was published in the New York Times newspaper where it speaks of the effects of helicopter parenting, and how it negatively affects the child. Hovering a child hinders them from making their own decisions and developing their own identity in this societ y. This is a very significant psychological concept because decision making is essential to have and perform in daily life. Lacking decision making skills is a cause from one being neurotic.  Psychological concept- decision making- Lewin, T. (2008, Dec 01). Going off to college for less (passport required). New York Times (1923-Current File), pp. A1. Keirsey, D(1998). Please Understand Me II: Temperament, Character, Intelligence (Prometious Nemesis Publishing Company) Toronto Canada.6. Synopsis: This is a best seller book where the author David Keirsey talks about how being temperament is very important to have in college, other schooling, work, relationships and more. As a child, one may have temper tantrums when they don’t receive what they desire. That is a personality and psychological trait where the impulses in one’s brain becomes very strong and cause the tantrums. This behavior shows during adulthood in the daily life of the person. It’s important to b e temperament because it causes less arguments and altercations between yourself and others, as David stresses in his book. Psychological concept- temperament7. Synopsis: Freud talks about the three personality traits: Id, ego and super ego, and how they work together to build personalities and the complexity of human beings. They are the different levels as to how information in the brain is structured. Freud says there’s the unconscious, mid conscious and conscious. Freud practiced many methods and has come to the conclusion that the unconscious is where everything is stored. The three  personality traits that he has come up with him consider are important in making decisions. Psychological concept- Id, ego, and super ego  Lahey, B, Psychology: An Introduction 11th edition8. Synopsis: The psychological concept that is revealed in this commercial deals with forgetting. The psychological disorder of dementia is humorously shown in this commercial by an elderly woman who f orgets that she’s eating KFC, and that she placed the chicken bucket on her head. Dementia is very common in old age, and saddens families as they watch their elder loved ones go through it, but in the commercial it brings humor to the disorder. The family that’s in the commercial find it funny that the elder woman put the bucket onto her head. Psychological concept- forgetting- Pratt, C. (Executive producer). (2008, October 5). KFC [commercial] MTV.9. Synopsis: The movie Arachnophobia is about a group of scientists, looking to discover and research many species of insects and spiders, but accidently brings home a deadly creature then increasingly multiplies and kill many people. The people of the town become paranoid of them, and do all they can to get away from them. Psychological concept- phobia- Marshall, F. (Director). (1990). Arachnophobia [Hollywood Pictures]. Available from IDP Films, 1133 Broadway, Suite 926, New York, NY 1001010. Synopsis- Ivan Pavlov was a R ussian Physiologist who researched conditioning. One of his findings was that if you present someone with a repetitive demonstration that they are to perform, they will continue to receive the anticipation of what was told for them to perform. For example, when ringing a bell for a dog to come and get a bone, the dog comes to eat it. When the bone is taken away, but the bell is still rang, the dog’s mouth began to salivate and will anticipate the reward of the bone. The animal has been controlled by being conditioned by a conditioned response. Psychological concept- conditioning- Babkin, B.P. (1949). Pavlov: A Biography. Toronto, Canada: The University of Chicago Press.11. Synopsis- This picture represents a woman on her death bed relying on oxygen as a means of life support. There are 5 stages of dying, which are denial, anger, bargain, depression and accept. This woman’s first reaction was probably denial, in which she refuses to acknowledge the inevitable, perhaps b elieving a mistake has been made. She may have even sought other medical opinions and diagnoses or pretend that this situation would simply go away on its own. As she realized that she was dying, she may have experience anger due to her life ending prematurely.She may have also attempted to bargain, probably with God or another religious figure, and she may have promised to change or make amends or atone for her wrongdoings. The woman may have also experienced depression and hopelessness. During this stage, she may mourn the loss of health that was already occurring, as well as the impending losses of her family and plans. Lastly, when nearing the end of suffering she will learn to accept the inevitable, paving the way for a smoother transition both for herself and loved ones. Psychological concept- Stages of Dying-http://www.equalitybritain.co.uk/content/news/news_June09.asp12. Synopsis- This picture represents a young lady with an eating disorder. She displays signs of disappointm ent, disgust, depression, guilt and a pale/unhealthy appearance. She may be abnormally sensitive about being perceived as fat, or have a massive fear of becoming fat. The measuring tape in her mouth shows that she is very body conscious and is constantly measuring her body. The different writing on her body represents how she feels about herself and her image. She may have psychological and emotional problems that contribute to her disorder.She may also have a low self-esteem, perfectionism, impulsive behavior and troubled relationships. Eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder include extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight and food issues in society. Peer pressure and what she may have seen in the media may have fueled her desire to be thin. The exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Unfortunately, many people with eating disorders resist treatment and experience serious complications such as bone loss, heart failure, digesti ve problems and seizures. Psychological concept- Eating Disorders- http://iamw0manhearmer0ar.wordpress.com/category/eating-disorders/