Decision Making Paper Essay

This paper examines the correlation between personal, organizational and cultural values. The paper also discusses how these values affect the decision making in individual’s personal and professional lives. Value is a social principal goal or standard held by an individual, class or society. Values are shaped by surrounding situations. Normally the three values are accepted in society such as Personal Value, Organizational Value and Cultural Value. Personal Values are the principals that define human as an individual. Personal values, such as honesty, reliability and trust determine how one will face the world and relate with people. It also consists of caring, courage, creativity, friendliness, honesty, honour, independence, integrity and spirituality. Organizational values are the principals that guide human’s behavior in professional contexts. They define how person work and how he or she relate to co-workers, managers and clients. They also reveal person’s potential of advancement. It also consists of autonomy, competitiveness, conscientiousness, dedication, ethics, loyalty, professionalism, punctuality and team player. Cultural values, like practice of the faith and customs, are principals that sustain connections with person’s cultural roots. They help person feel connected to a larger community of people with similar backgrounds. It also consists of celebration of diversity, ethnic roots, faith, linguistic ties, national ties, regional ties and tradition. Personal, professional and cultural values are connected to each other. These values are something that affects every area of person’s personal and professional lives. In our daily routine we interact with these values very often especially personal values. Personal values are something which we are learning from our childhood. Our parents are the pioneers of these values. They teach us what is correct and what is wrong. As we grow, we take our own decisions but our parents have a great influence in our thought process. I believe this is how we learn how to respect our own personal value when we grow as an adult. Next one is professional values. We begin to learn this value as soon as we enter into the world of independence. Each organization has its own set of rules and regulations. We need to follow those while taking care of our own personal values. At workplace the main important thing is how we interact with co-workers, managers and clients. How you present yourself with others is also very important. Cultural values are something again goes with the personal values. They give importance to the tradition, cultural ethics and your opinion of relating those to the workplace and personal life. In society sometimes people with same backgrounds come together and form a group and share their cultural values. At workplace also sometimes we notice people with same cultural values come together and have better understanding between them. Finding balance between personal, organization and cultural values is very crucial. Many times in our life we need to fight to take the decision based on these three values. For example for me as a woman find the right balance between my personal life with family and professional life is very difficult. Family (kids) comes first while taking any decision for myself even when to decide the right career path and when to start it. For working mother balance between these values plays an important role while taking any decisions. Many times I noticed that one needs to give up on something in order to achieve on whatever he or she wants. Same principal applies to the values. Sometimes professional values overcome personal values but if we can manage both of them and achieve the result we want then that will be a big success. Resolving a conflict by analyzing the situation needs practice but one will achieve this by paying attention and keeping balance between the values. Decision making is a very important process. â€Å"Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. † (Harris Robert, 1997). I believe if we give respect to all the three values equally and give importance to all of them while making a decision then our decision making process will be much easier than we expected and we can keep the right balance in the personal and professional life. We will be able to take correct decisions in life if we start appreciating these values more significantly.

Symbolism in Master Harold and the Boys

Because Hally’s father is an alcoholic cripple, Sam takes it upon himself to be a better role model in Hally’s life, which is why the kite is a sign of Sam’s fatherly love for Hally and a lesson to Hally to not judge people that are different.The kite is a clear symbol of Sam’s love for Hally. As a little boy, Hally did not have someone he could look up to because he was ashamed of his father’s behavior. Sam took pity on him and decided to be a good example for Hally. Sam made the kite because he loved Hally and he wanted Hally to have something that he could be proud of. When thinking back to that day, Hally said, â€Å"I was so proud of us! It was the most splendid thing I had ever seen.† Now that Hally is grown, Sam still tries to be a good father figure but he failed to help Hally because Hally is still a rude, judgmental, and racist boy. Sam tries at one final attempt to save Hally when he says, â€Å"Should we try again, Hally? †¦ Fly another kite, I suppose. It worked once, and this time I need it as much as you do.† Even though Hally became a terrible person, Sam never gave up on him because Hally was a son to him.The kite also represents Sam’s lesson to Hally to not judge people, even though that lesson clearly did not pass through Hally’s thick skull. Hally’s first thoughts about Sam making a kite were, â€Å"the sheer audacity of it took my breath away. I mean, seriously, what the hell does a black man know about flying a kite? †¦ I had no hopes for it† and â€Å"Can you remember what the poor thing looked like? †¦ Hell no, that was now only asking for a miracle to happen.† But despite its appearance, Hally said, â€Å"I still can’t believe my eyes†¦ the miracle happened†¦Ã¢â‚¬  when it proved itself by flying high in the wind. Obviously Sam failed once again to make Hally a decent human being, because Hally still proves to be judgmen tal and now very racist as a teenager.

Pop Culture Essay

Movie Genres There are many movie genres out today than there were before in earlier years. Movie genres are basically different types of movies, such as: horror, suspense, mystery, drama ,romance, etc. Today it seems that most peoples favorite movie genre is horrow or action. Action movies have a lot of different stuff in them that is pleasing to the eye. Action movies are typically loud and have a lot of fighting, racing, and adventurous things in the film. Horror movies on the other hand have a lot of scary things in the movies. Their big thing is that the more blood they have the better it is to the audience watching. Even though horror and action may be the top picks of the rest of the country, I have my own genre of movies that I particularly like the best. My favorite genre of movies is romance. In a romance based movie, it is filled with love and a lot of laughter throughout the whole movie. While most romance movies start off bad and end up with a happy ending, some start out good and end good as well. Most romance movies today start out being bad and then it ends up in the happy ending that you suspect from the title of the movie. Romance movies go through every movie genre there is. There is suspense and sometimes a little horror as well. Sometimes, and most of the time, they contain a lot of drama. The best romance movies are the ones full of drama that is fun to watch. Every woman around the world enjoys a good romance movie. Many women around the world love romance movies, including myself. Simply because they meet the cravings that every woman has sometime throughout their lives. Each and every romance movie touches a woman in some way or another. Every girl dreams of having that guy from a love story. They want them to be loving and caring and when we watch these movies we imagine ourselves being the girl in the movie. Some movies, even make a girl feel better after a breakup. However, some of the real love stories can make it worse than ever before. Also, romance movies will make you cry if it is one of those that are filled with sad moments throughout the whole movie. As a girl, sometimes we feel the need to cry, whether it is stress or PMS. The romance movies are a good way to bring out the inner emotions and in the end, make you feel a whole lot better. Drama is another movie genre that gets included into romance movies. Drama can be funny and it can also bring out deeper thoughts and emotions. Everyone and especially women, have a fair share of their love for drama. Women like to gossip and chick flick, love stories are filled with it. Gossiping is a way to let things out and to give out information that can be bad or good. It just depends on who is saying it or what is said. The good thing is, the drama in the romance stories are usually not true. Even though we all get a good laugh at the stupid ones in the movie. In conclusion, romance genre movies are a favorite. They can make you happy or sad or bring out different emotions. Romance movies are twisted with drama along with romance to bring out laughter or anger in the audience. Everyone will have their own personal reaction to every single romance movie that comes out. Therefore, in my opinion, romance genre movies are the best because they contain many qualities that other genres do. Meaning that they satisfy almost every â€Å"craving† that a person has for a good movie.

A Journey from Paper to Paperless Office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Journey from Paper to Paperless Office - Essay Example 635- 650; 2005; Dos Santos & Wright, pp.53- 64; 2001; Miesing, pp753-770, 2003; Salmon, pp.491-502, 2000; Scifres et al., pp247-250, 2003). For example, Cohen and Lippert (pp745, 2005) commented that computer-based workflow "may be useful for skills-based training but may not be useful for creative-thinking workflow or general paperless workplace." Thus, several researchers have suggested that rather than replacing traditional with on-line workflow, the benefits of both traditional and paperless techniques could be realized through mixed-mode workflow in which face-to-face business but paperless workflow which is enhanced by using the Web (Bigelow, pp. 635- 650; 2005; Bilimoria, pp.232-243, 2006; Dos Santos & Wright, pp.53- 64; 2001; Human et al., pp.584- 606, 2005; Miesing,pp753-770; 2003; Parikh & Verma, pp. 27- 46, 2002; Salmon, pp. 491-502, 2000). Such a mixed mode of interaction usually consists of traditional workplace workflow augmented by using a web portal that enables emplo yees to--among other things--continue discussion of project concepts and cases outside the workplace (when travelling etc) using a bulletin board; conduct group work on-line through chat rooms; take tests on-line; and access office files, collaborate and communicate, video/voice conference on-line (e.g., Bigelow, pp. 635- 650; 2005; Dos Santos & Wright, pp.53- 64; 2001; Fredickson, pp.67-77, 2005; Shrivastava, pp.691-702, 2005). Specifically, a firm that operates as an intelligent ... services to clients; creates a collaborative culture that encourages sharing and learning; and deploys technology solutions that help eliminate repeatable processes, capture knowledge, enhance client communications, and attract and retain the most talented professionals. Researchers have argued that "paperless workplace in particular, could benefit from the use of some of these technologies" in conjunction with traditional methods (Bilimoria, pp.232-243, 2006; Dos Santos & Wright, pp.53- 64; 2001: 53; Salmon, pp. 491-502, 2000). Transferring administrative and purely informational aspects of workflow to the web portal frees up office time for employees to work on interpersonal and communication skills, which are critical to success in project completion, which have been found to be best developed through face-to-face traditional methods (e.g., Bigelow, pp. 635- 650; 2005; Dos Santos & Wright, pp.53- 64; 2001; Scifres et al., pp. 247-250, 2003). The use of a web portal as a supplement to traditional management projects has also been found to increase employees' participation in discussion of cases and project concepts and to lead to more thorough and higher quality discussion than in traditional workplaces alone (Bilimoria, pp.232-243, 2006; Dos Santo s & Wright, pp.53- 64; 2001). Paperless workplace researchers have also demonstrated that by encouraging an active workplace environment in which employees communicate virtually and asynchronously, the use of a web portal can help develop technological and communications skills that enable employees to increase their productivity and get more comfortable with computers in the workplace" (Meisel & Marx, 2005: 719). A web portal can also be used to reduce the number of in-office lectures and face-to-face group meetings in a

The French Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The French Revolution - Essay Example This study outlines that King Luis XVI also escalated the need for a revolution because he was known to be indecisive. He also had the habit of letting the strong opposition bring him to a position where he could not make a decision on his own. In as much as he reduced the government expenditure, he often was not strong enough to prevent the opposition from thwarting his attempts to create and enact the most important reforms. Therefore, it was easy for those who were against the French monarchy to spread propaganda against the king, thus arousing resentment towards it. From this paper it is clear that apart from the above factors, other issues also led to the eruption of the French revolution. These include the resentment of the people towards the royal absolutism. The peasants and laborers were also driven by poverty so they thought with the monarchy and the church out of power, they would be able to improve their lives. The people also felt intimidated by the Catholic Church power over the public policies and institutions too. Others also advocated for freedom of worship, combined with resentment towards the French queen known for her extravagant style. These were just among other reasons as to why the French revolution occurred. The main goals of the 1789 revolution were to create a constitutional monarchy which would allow for liberty in the French society (Emmet 23-24). Some of the liberties that the French people wanted to have been for instance; sovereignty for the nation, right to speech and conscience, freedom of employment regardless the status, and most importantly, the rights to own property. The people also wanted to have a new constitution that stripped the church off their powers. The new constitution was not to oppose the king but make him as a part of the nation while the church was to be replaced as a source of sovereignty. The people’s goals were inclined towards the rights of the people against the government.

Review of Strategies Undertaken by AIG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review of Strategies Undertaken by AIG - Essay Example American International group which is a financial services company constitutes of different business units. These are AIG Bank, AIG Direct, SunAmerica financial group, Chartis insurance, United Guaranty Corporation and International Lease Finance Corporation. The main revenue of the company is from the Chartis insurance which is major name in the global insurance sector. SunAmerica financial group is the other which generates maximum revenue for the AIG group. From this statistics, it can be said that the company is mainly focusing on the life insurance, general insurance, wealth management, asset management programs. It can also be said statistics that the major percentage of revenue comes from the casualty and specialty line of business. In any type of industry, the companies should design and offer the product or services according to the customer needs. Financial services industry is a volatile industry. During the economic downturn, the companies generally don’t profit mu ch from the financial services. The reputation of the companies plays a big role in that situation. If the financial services companies provide the products according to the needs of the customers and build customer loyalty then they will have a competitive edge than their competitors. For having a good percentage of market shares as well as retaining the customers in the time of financial downturn a loyal customer base is necessary for the financial services company (The Economist, 2008, p.5-7).... During the economic downturn the companies generally don’t profit much from the financial services. The reputation of the companies plays a big role in that situation. If the financial services companies provide the products according to the needs of the customers and build customer loyalty then they will have a competitive edge than their competitors. For having a good percentage of market shares as well as retaining the customers in time of financial downturn a loyal customer base is necessary for the financial services company (The Economist, 2008, p.5-7). The services those are providing by the company should be customized. American General Life and Accident Insurance Company (AGLA), the middle market life insurance and accidental insurance division of SunAmerican financial group provides personal customer service to the small business owners and middle market segment by an effective field force consisting of the full time employees. Chartis is gaining revenue from the per sonal lines; casualty and speciality sector of insurance which means the company is also focused on the personalized services to the customers (American International Group, 2011, p.8). So it can be said that the company is applying the right strategy i.e. they are providing customized and customer oriented services to their customers which in turn make a loyal base of customers for the company. It would be helpful for the company to retain the market share in time of financial downturn. Segmentation strategy is one of the important strategies that should be addressed by the company management properly. American International Group is a large group constitute of many companies. Every company is providing different type of services and their target market is

A managerial approach to marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

A managerial approach to marketing - Essay Example Competitive pressures to deliver specific products to meet consumer demand have changed the way the products move from the producer to the consumer. Any company has to adopt new marketing strategies in order for it to survive in the ever competing environment. The marketing landscape has shifted in that technological innovation, new channels, regulatory compliance, bottom-line accountability and rising customer expectations are altering the playing field. Marketing managers are unraveling these complexities in order to spearhead initiatives that capitalize on the customer-driven market place. It is important to place the customer at the core of strategic decision making hence marketing managers can better align marketing resources, spend, mix and technology investments. Strategy and technology can then coalesce to profitably meet customers’ needs, which enhance brand performance, increase customer value and position the enterprise for growth capability of outpacing competitors. This strategic brief addresses central issues on the minds of today’s marketing managers. As technology advances and consumers gain clout, traditional batch and blast marketing approaches designed to maximize new customer acquisition without regard for customer needs and long-term value will under perform. Launching marketing programs around new products for short-term revenue wins will not be enough to sustain returns and surpass competitors. Technological innovations are constantly altering the playing field. Analytic solutions are bringing new levels of customer intelligence, allowing marketers to understand individual customer needs. Optimization tools have increased marketing velocity and shortened cycle times. Consolidated, clean customer data stores can be matched with event-based campaign management tools to improve message accuracy, timeliness and relevancy. As technologies come to

Sustainability about gasket Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainability about gasket - Coursework Example Gasket technology purpose to provide sealing solution that match the flange size that provides longtime sustainable life service, the gasket must comply with the current technology. The sealing technology must be flexible to the advancement in technology. Sustainability of gasket depends on technological stability, economic relevance, customer satisfaction and environmental concern. Technological sustenance, describes all the necessary activities that will keep the gasket in operation. The designers and producers must ensure a continued manufacture of the brand version currently and maintain the satisfaction as in the original version in the future (Verghese et al. 123-145). The primary concern with the project is correct seal sizing and conformation with the geometry of the flanges. The designers must ensure the gasket brands design will be able to satisfy the evolving system requirement. In most industrial piping systems there are numerous flanged joints, each of the joints is subject to failure (Verghese, Karli, Lewis, and Fitzpatrick 121-145). If any if any of the pipe system fails then the company is likely to incur several losses due to disruptions on the regular operations. The system breakdown to some extent can lead to injury and death. Difficulty in achieving gasket technological sustainability is the design lifetime under the operating temperature and pressure. Insufficient gasket loading which is the likely course of most flanged joints failures (Johnson, Anthony, and Andy 72-82). Different types and design style gasket are best fit seals. For sustainable service, the metal-jacketed gaskets must have a minimum load of 5000 psi for an adequate seal. The best solution in ensuring gasket sustainability is joining the use of rubber bound gaskets that require a lower loading of 100 psi. Environmental sustainability determines the possible

Discussion 21 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 21 - Essay Example Likewise, the video also noted information regarding risk factors for developing varicose veins that included: family history, being overweight, lack of exercise, smoking and even preponderance for standing or sitting at long periods of time (Society for Vascular Surgery). Finally, there were interventions or recommended treatment such as wearing compression stockings and other more advanced techniques like schlerotheraphy, vein stripping, and ablation (Society for Vascular Surgery). What is striking and motivating in the video is that even for a female and old-aged patient such as Durene Bryant, she was not afraid of seeking professional advice and determining which mode of treatment would address her medical dilemma. By using her as the patient to promote the needed information on varicose veins, patients with similar dilemma would not hesitate to seek professional advice and determine which is the most effective option to address the kind of discomfort they could experience from varicose veins. The site was therefore very illuminating and beneficial for patients and researchers who are interested to know more on the

Historical Accuracy of Gone with the Wind Essay Example for Free

Historical Accuracy of Gone with the Wind Essay In the decades following the civil war, many factors altered the American city. As urbanization and industrialization developed simultaneously, cities were provided with supply of labor for factories and improved transportation. Commercial farming, followed by a shift in population of people relocating from rural areas to more modern cities greatly influenced the evolution of the America city. As well as a significant increase in immigration to the states, these are the most prominent factors influencing the development of the American city. A number of improvements in urbanization and industrialization made the growth of cities possible. Cities gave way to streetcar cities because people had little choice but to live in walking distances. By the 1890s, both horse-drawn cars and cable cars were being replaced by electric trolleys, elevated railroads and subways, which could transport people to urban residence. These improvements in urban transportation made it possible for more people to immigrate into the cities making it even bigger. As cities expanded outward, they also soared upward, since increasing land values in the central business district dictated the construction. Skyscrapers had replaced church spires as the dominant feature of American urban skylines and the buildings mostly had electric lights for commercial purposes. Urbanization and industrialization greatly changed the American city to what it is today. Commercial farming greatly impacted the development of the American city towards the end of the nineteenth century. The need for a massive number of farmhands diminished over time, and forced a majority of people living in rural areas of the states to more modern cities to seek work opportunities. This offered more jobs to be available for the newly arrivals, and in turn shaped how the cities operated. Commercial farmers also contained the ability to raise a single cash crop for the single purpose to make profit. This greatly improved the economy of cities across America. Commercial farming had a prominent change on the American city. As immigration to the states increased to the more modern cities, the cities changed significantly. New immigrants greatly increased the population of these cities, forcing them to expand. The growth of American metropolis was magnificent. In 1860, no city in the United States could boast one million inhabitants. But by 1900, New York held about 3.5 million citizens. A growing immigrant population to meet the increased need for workers led to overcrowding and unsanitary conditions within urban areas. Immigrants also developed ethnic neighborhoods that helped to change the character of the American city. Immigration played an important part into the change of the American city. Many key factors played roles into the evolution of the American cities across the nation. The most prominent of these were the era of urbanization and industrialization, commercial farmers bringing a rich economy to the city life, and newly arriving immigrants forcing the American cities to thrive. All of these factors shaped cities across the states to what they became today.

Development of Tennis as a Leisure Activity

Development of Tennis as a Leisure Activity The development and significance of tennis as a Leisure Activity (Mainly in the UK) 1. The History and Development of tennis. (Mainly in the UK) According to The Cliff Richard Tennis Development Fund 2000, tennis is a world-class competitive sport captivating millions of players and fans all round the world. It was in France that the game tennis as we know it today really came into being. During the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries it became the highly fashionable sport of kings and noblemen a far cry from being played by the lower classes. The development fund 2000 describes how real tennis was actually very different to the game that we know today. The game was played indoors, in large galleries with jutting roofs and points were won according to how the ball was played off of the gallery walls, rather like squash. This concept is very different to todays Lawn Tennis, where the rectangular court is laid out on a grass surface and the play is within marked boundaries, not off of the walls. After its initial rise in popularity with the French nobility, tennis spread throughout Europe, becoming particularly popular in England. To day, Wimbledon and the UK are associated with lawn tennis. Cliff Richard’s Development fund describes how the changes in tennis have taken place over the years and how the shift has moved tennis from being associated with the upper classes to a sport which is played at all different levels and at every level of the social classes. During the 19th century when Victorian prosperity in England prompted a significant revival, courts were built in many famous country houses and the first tennis clubs providing facilities for members began to appear. The biggest boost for tennis however came in 1875. As said by the development Fund 2000, The All England Croquet Club, which had formed in 1869 had failed to attract enough visitors and in 1875 they decided to offer Lawn Tennis as an added attraction. The new game was an instant success, so much so that in 1877 the name of the club was changed to the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club. This highlights that the popularity of tennis has been growing for many decades thus gives us a good ind ication that it will continue to prosper. The Wimbledon Championship has been one of the most significant developments in the history of tennis. This event alone has contributed to a huge numbers of followers and participants throughout the UK and illustrates the development of tennis as we know it today. In the 1930s the game became highly fashionable in the UK, led by British stars such as Fred Perry and Don Budge and International Champions such as Henri Lacoste. Then, into the 1990s the championships became more popular than ever particularly as Great Britains hopes for a champion became rekindled with the likes of Greg Rusedski and Tim Henman. Now, entering 2006 we are witnessing the rise of young Andrew Murray who is taking the tennis circuit by storm and he will hopefully encourage and boost tennis numbers within the UK. The Lawn Tennis Association has outlined a number of ways in which it has attempted to translate the enthusiasm generated by the Wimbledon Championships each year into lasting benefits and continually develop tennis on a yearly basis. Some examples include; the sponsored campaign, ‘Play Tennis’, which is an initiative that offered free tennis lessons with the Lawn Tennis Association coaches in April and May 2004. The Lawn Tennis Association confirms that in 2004, 8,000 Londoners participated in the scheme and as a result around a third joined their local tennis clubs after playing. This highlights the significance of tennis within the UK and that the sport is held in high esteem. Perhaps now it is important to expand its target market and appeal to different socio-economic groups. Further, the Lawn Tennis Association launched an Ariel Tennis Ace campaign which was a ‘talent search’ for young players, the winner of which received coaching with John McEnroe du ring the Wimbledon Championships. It is important to note that tennis is such a significant sport within the UK that such competitions are respected and widely sought after. Other ways in which the Lawn Tennis Association has developed and increased the popularity in the UK include the introduction of a Tennis Show which has been running since April 2004 which was linked in with the Fitness Show and offered free coaching, access to clubs and information. Further, in order to establish a larger ratio of children who play tennis the organisation pioneered the Wimbledon Kid’s Zone; whilst the Championships were taking place, a children’s area is established to introduce children to tennis. Approximately 6,000 children attended in 2004 and lastly, ‘The Road to Wimbledon’ initiative was set up for young players to lure them into tennis and encourage promising young talent which will help boost tennis numbers. The incentive to entering this competition was that the winners were given the opportunity to play at Wimbledon in August. Nowadays, sporting events tend to be sponsored by major companies in order to generate more money. Last year, American Express sponsored a five-day event next to Tower Bridge with larges screens televising Wimbledon matches, tennis training and held a celebrity tennis night which raised money for the Sport Relief Charity. The Lawn Tennis Association supports any private sponsorship for these free public events because it helps develop the sport. Moreover, it is obvious that much is being done to develop tennis within the UK because Sport England has launched a website www.activeplaces.com – this Internet site has produced a list of facilities for all sports, including the locations of every tennis court in London. Sport England believes that the site’s usefulness could be enhanced if it keeps records of the condition of facilities to ensure the courts upkeep and increase the number of tennis players in the UK. The Lawn Tennis Association believes that currently a third of local authority tennis courts are in a state of disrepair, this information needs to be passed onto the local authorities to be addressed, otherwise tennis could cease to play a significant sporting role in the UK. Also, if information of facility conditions is recorded it will provide a more realistic picture of sports resources in London and may serve as a prompt to local authorities to improve their local facilities. 2. The Organisation of tennis. The Lawn Tennis Association’s work and investment is based around three main priority areas, theses include tennis clubs, junior players and performance. The organisation has been trying to make British tennis more inclusive and available to a wide number for many years. The reasons for targeting the different areas and widening their target market are to attract more and better players. Nowadays, the Lawn Tennis Association is focusing on how and where tennis is played and organised in the UK. The reason for this is to establish where the best facilities are and to improve the areas which are in disrepair. In order to better organise tennis within the UK, the Lawn Tennis Association has introduced an initiative called ‘Club Vision’ which aims to provide progressive clubs with greater support and resources at both a national and county level and to ensure that clubs can play a greater part in making the UK into a stronger tennis nation and make it as popular and g enerate a following as great as that of football. ‘Club Vision’ is described by the Lawn Tennis Association as being a multi-million pound investment programme that puts clubs at the heart of British Tennis and also supports public pay and play indoor tennis centres, schools and local authority venues. The Lawn Tennis Association joined forces with the Sports Council and the All England Lawn Tennis Club in 1986 to launch the Indoor Tennis Initiative designed to develop indoor tennis centres around Britain. The main benefit of ‘Club Vision’ is that it is able to help any club throughout the UK regardless of size and therefore as facilities are better they can promote and attempt to attract many people. This shows that tennis is becoming more organised in the UK perhaps as a result of the increased availability of courts, the affordability of equipment and the increased media interest and coverage of tennis tournaments and championships. According to Sport England, the London Assembly’s Culture Sport and Tourism Committee met with them and the Lawn Tennis Association to discuss tennis in London in 2004. The aim of the meeting was to establish how the Wimbledon Championship could propel and promote tennis within London and the rest of the UK. Further, the bodies discussed and considered ease of access to tennis courts in London and deliberated over club organization and costs of using publicly owned tennis courts. Throughout the talks, certain projects were discussed which encourage young people to get involved in tennis (such as the Westway Tennis centre), and further they examined how the Mayor, Sport England and the Lawn Tennis Association could encourage more Londoners to pick up a racquet. There is more incentive for people to take up tennis due to the 2,600 tennis clubs which have affiliated with the Lawn Tennis Association via their local county office. The development and introduction of so many clubs h ighlights the improvement of tennis as a leisure activity. Currently, the Lawn Tennis Association estimates are that two-thirds of local authority courts nationally are in a state of disrepair and nevertheless the cost of hiring local authority courts stands between  £2- £6 per hour for adults. Most tennis activities are run through such organisations as the Lawn Tennis Association and All England Tennis Club. As a result of theses clubs it is possible for people to enquire as to their nearest club or courts and increase the probability of people playing tennis as knowledge is more readily available. 3. The Social Structure of Participation. In my opinion tennis has always been classified as a rich mans sport. This might be due to the fact that when tennis originated it was played by the Kings, Queens and nobility. This stigma has now shifted however, there are still certain socio-demographics who shy away from the sport. According to the Lawn Tennis Association, 2.9million people aged four years and upwards played tennis in the UK in 2003. Further, this is reinforced by the British Embassy who suggests that around five million people play tennis in the UK. Either way, this is a large number but there does not compete with the number of people that play football. Of the 2.9 million tennis players the Lawn Tennis Association estimates that 441,000 of these people play tennis in London; 137,000 of them playing regularly. In the UK many of the tennis campaigns and organisations aim to attract the younger generation to take up tennis. This it is no surprise that the younger generation in the UK are likely to play more tennis in the future than that of the current older generation. In contrast to the number of tennis players in the UK, American Tennis Life Magazine, which conducted a survey on tennis, illustrates that 23.5 million Americans play tennis annually. Of this, 52 per cent of players were men and 48 per cent were women with the average age of these players being 29. Further, the percentage of women players to men is reflected in the ratio of spectatorship. McNamee, (2001) illustrates that 48 per cent of women watch tennis compared to 52 per cent of men. I am surprised that women on average play less and watch less tennis. The abovementioned illustrates that tennis is indeed a thriving sport within the UK but simultaneously illustrate that there is scope for growth within these figures. So, it is important to establish the type of people who do not play tennis and the reasons for their lack of participation in the sport. The kind of people not playing tennis are those who are in the lower social classes who cannot afford to pay for a club membership, those in areas where facilities are in a state of disrepair and those from ethnic minorities, the latter will be discussed further. Moreover, Sport England and the Lawn Tennis Association have identified the following barriers to greater participation in tennis in London, some of which include; cost (however in reality this is more down to peoples perception of the sport – studies show that the actual cost of tennis membership is more than half what people estimate). Also, poor local authority facilities and a lack of investment in facilities has meant that people in certain areas are just unable to play tennis. Further, the weather plays a large role in determining the months of the year in which tennis is playe d. Those with no access to indoor courts are not likely to play tennis outside the summer months which results in lower numbers of people who play tennis. Moreover, Sport England has established that there is no co-ordinated approach to tennis for people with disabilities, thus limiting the development of tennis as a leisure activity. Lastly, due to the immense popularity and plugging of other sports such as football, competition with other leisure activities and sports creates a loss of interest in playing tennis once young people have left school. Furthermore, according to Gabriel, D from the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), black players are noticeably absent from tennis. Supposedly, poverty is cited as a major factor, with 57 per cent of people from ethnic minorities socially excluded from sports on the grounds of destitution. Gabriel, D believes that a white sporting establishment effectively excludes people from ethnic minoritiesfrom getting involved in the organisation and governance of sport at every level. In other words, the lack of black people in decision-making roles within sports organisations means there is little opportunity for them to ascend to senior and more influential roles that could promote their wider involvement and influence in sport. McLean, L reinforces the fact that the ethnic minorities do not take part in sport, compared with the national average. Supposedly, people from ethnic minorities are keen to give sports such as tennis a go, but they do not have access to facilities. Thus in order to ensure that tennis remains a popular sport and continues to grow it is essential that every local government looks to improve facilities in their area and encourage ethnic minorities. Every year, Wimbledon is broadcast on television and in its own right is one of the UK’s major sporting events. According to the Lawn Tennis Association, Sport England spent approximately  £18.7 million on tennis facilities, coaching and promotion and outreach in London in 2003. This perhaps demonstrates that tennis in the UK is in fact on the increase. What we must ensure is that we have the infrastructure in place to cope with larger numbers. The Lawn Tennis Association believes that the most immediate benefit from the Wimbledon Championships is the revenue generated by the event. The 2003 competition brought in  £25.8 million (net income) which was invested back into tennis initiatives nationally. However, in order to see tennis become more popular it is essential to promote all year round and eradicate the idea that it is a summer sport. There is of course little that the Lawn Tennis Association can do to change the weather but it should look to invest in indoor courts and floodlighting through its Club Vision programme and Indoor Tennis Initiative. In 2003, the Lawn Tennis Association committed  £2.28 million to facilities in London, 30 per cent of the organisations fund. Since 2001 it has invested over  £4.89 million in 16 major tennis projects in London. Further, Gabriel, D from the Commission for Racial Equality has reported that black people are very interested in tennis thus there is scope to increase the number of tennis players in the UK. In my opinion tennis is a growing sport. This is further emphasised by UK Sport (2001), which has explained how the management Board of the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) has decided to engage with Sport England and the Lawn Tennis Association in an informal consortium to seek planning permission for the redevelopment of facilities at the Bisham Abbey Sports Centre, enabling it to become a Centre of Excellence for both sports. This illustrates that organisations believe that tennis is a worthy investment for the future. Further, Since September 2004, construction has been underway on the Lawn Tennis Association’s new National Tennis Centre (NTC) in Roehampton. If tennis was showing signs of decline there would not be so many initiatives or campaigns running to improve facilities throughout the UK. The site will provide a single site of national focus for tennis in Great Britain, and will open in late 2006. The reasons for a National Tennis Centre according to the Lawn Tennis Association are that in 1999 an extensive review of the sport was undertaken and it arose that tennis has effectively turned into a social leisure activity for a few, rather than a competitive sport to be enjoyed by many millions. In all, the evidence points to a rise in popularity of the game tennis. There is still plenty of scope for growth and the introduction of more ethnic minorities to the sport. Bibliography The Cliff Richard Tennis Development Fund (2000) The History of Tennis. (Internet), Available at http://www.cliffrichardtennis.org/planet_tennis/history.htm, cited 30/11/05 Bray, A. (2005) Tennis in London. (Internet), Available at http://www.london.gov.uk/assembly/reports/culture/tennis.rtf, cited 30/11/05 The Lawn Tennis Association. (2005) Building our Tennis Nation. (Internet), Available at http://www.lta.org.uk/InsideTheLta/AboutTheLta/BuildingOurTennisNation.htm, cited 30/11/05 British Embassy. Sport – One of the best things in life. (Internet), Available at http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPagec=Pagecid=1065716130553, cited 30/11/05 Gabriel, D. Commission for Racial Equality (2005). Why black British tennis players are missing from Wimbledon. (Internet), Available at http://www.cre.gov.uk/Default.aspx.LocID-0hgnew070.RefLocID-0hg00k001.Lang-EN.htm, cited 30/11/05 UK Sport (2001) Cricket and Tennis seek Alliances. (Internet), Available at http://www.uksport.gov.uk/template.asp?id=376, cited 30/11/05 Tennis Life Magazine. Demographics. (Internet), Available at http://www.tennislifemagazine.com/advertising/advertising-demo.html, cited 01/12/05 McNamee, Dr (2001) Sporting Conduct: A survey of Sports spectators’ perceptions of the values and norms of selected professional sports. (Internet), Available at http://www.uksport.gov.uk/images/uploaded/sportingconduct.pdf, cited 01/12/05 McLean, L. Participation in Sport. (Internet), Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2002/race/participation_in_sport.stm, cited 01/12/05

Solving the Mystery in Doyles The Hound of the Baskervilles Essays

Solving the Mystery in Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles Sherlock Holmes deduced what was really going on by noting the failure of a dog to bark - thus identifying his master and therefore the murderer in The Hound of the Baskervilles, by Arthur Conan Doyle. Deductive reasoning involves reasoning in which you go from general to specific instances, by using known facts and eliminating improbable situations, and unlikely suspects. By sending Dr. Watson separately from himself, and going to Baskerville Hall in secret, Holmes is able to get two different viewpoints of the situation there, and then later exchange opinions and information with his partner. Watson is at first suspicious of Mr. and Mrs. Barrymore. He hears Mrs. Barrymore sobbing at nights, which puzzles him. One night while Watson and Sir Henry were in the Hall, they observed Mr. Barrymore sending signals through a window using a candle. After extensive questioning Mr. Barrymore and his wife reveal that recently escaped â€Å"Notting Hill Criminal† is really Mrs. Barrymore’s brother, Seld...

Poverty in Australia Essay examples -- Poverty Essays

Poverty in Australia Before discussing the extent of poverty in Australia, it is first crucial to mention the difference between absolute poverty and relative poverty. Absolute Poverty is a situation where deprivation is extreme because people do not have access to the basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter. In contrast Relative Poverty is a situation in which the incidence of poverty is measured relative to things such as average weekly earnings or income per head. Therefore poverty, as talked about in Australia is the state where income is insufficient to meet the minimum needs of the household or individual. The Poverty Line is the level of income below which the income of the household or individual is inadequate to meet the essential needs of the household or individual as determined by society. The Poverty line is determined by a percentage of average weekly earnings. In 1966, the original poverty line for Australia, was set by Professor Henderson as basic wage plus the child endowment payable for two children. There is a definite lack of recent data on poverty in Australia, therefore we have to look back as far as reports from the 1970’s, in order to find any relevant information on poverty in Australia. In 1975 there was a report made on the extent of poverty in Australia by Professor Henderson. It has since been known as the Henderson Report. The Henderson Report found that 8.5 per cent of Australians were living under the poverty line. It also found that: â€Å"Most of the poor suffer from one or more of the following disabilities: old age, lack of a male bread-winner, a large number of dependant children, recent migration to Australia, or prolonged illness. The incidence of poverty was much higher in these categories than among those without any of these disabilities.†(Henderson 1975) At the time of this report average weekly earnings in Australia were $165 per week, the poverty line for a single person was set at $49.60 for a single person, and $93.20 for a couple w ith 2 children. (Jackson, McIver 1998) A report similar to the Henderson report was carried out in 1987, where the poverty line, still using the original method used in 1966, had been raised to $146 per week for a single, and $274 per week for a couple with two children. (Jackson, McIver 1998) Although the poverty line had risen due to economic grow... ... every fortnight without fail, and without the hassles of having to go to work every morning. Whilst the Australian Welfare System is not perfect it does without question assist in its main objective which is reducing inequality of incomes, and therefore the level of poverty. Although there is no current data on the amount of Australians living under the poverty line, and it is very difficult to estimate, it appears likely that using Professor Henderson’s original method, the increasing inequality in the distribution of household incomes has caused the percentage of Australians living below the poverty line to increased substantially. Bibliography: Collier, B. 1992. Introducing Economics. Sydney, New South Wales. Anzarut, D. 1985. Senior Economics. Melbourne, Victoria. Lipsey, R. Langley, P. Mahoney, D. Positive Economics for Australian Students, Sydney, New South Wales. National Coalition against Poverty. 10 September 2001. URL http://www.bsl.org.au/ncapwebsite Trends in Income Inequality in the 1990’s. 15 September 2001. URL http://www.natsem.canberra.edu.au/pubs/cpol.html. Pearce, Y. August 20 2001. â€Å"Poverty level ‘Just hot air’† The West Australian.

The Severe Effect of Global Warming Essay -- essays research papers

Global Warming When we think of global warming, we think about Air pollution, rise of temperature, melting glaciers, carbon dioxide emissions and so no. But even though we know that these factors could lead to a global catastrophe, very often we do not realize what king of severe effect the global warming could have on our planet. Imagine that you are placed into the future. It is some where around 2050. You begin to live in this new world, but the planet is not the same any more. You hear about huge storms over much of the North America that cause severe damage and flooding. San Francisco, New York City, Miami, Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal all experience major flooding from the ocean level having risen so high. Thousands and thousands of people die each summer across the world as the temperature soars to 65Â ° C for 2 weeks straight. No, this is not total fantasy. All of these events could really occur over less then half a century. All of them are results of one problem — the global warming. It is a huge issue with many consequences. People just do not realize that all of these events could occur if the action is not taken. If we work together, and unite our efforts we can stop the global warming. (Thesis) It is our attitude at the beginning of a difficult task which, more than anything else will affect the outcome. *What is global warming Global warming is the increase in the temperature on average during the extended period of time. It has been first noticed by the scientist some time around 1980s. Since then lots of studies were made about this issue. Scientists from around the world have come to a conclusion that the climate on the Earth is changing. Our planet is continually being warmed by different sources suc... ...go up. Cleaning a dirty air conditioner filter can save 5% of the energy used. In North America 40,000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released per person every year. We can decrease that number by simply not wasting the energy resources that we take form the nature. Since the people's actions have caused global warming, our actions can also help reduce this threat.(climax) Anyone can help by taking personal action and encouraging the people in your community to do the same. We should stop looking at the global warming as at the prediction. It is already happening right now. The problem is not new. We know it is still happening, so why is it still happening?(Chiasmus) We could not afford to let it happened! Global warming is a time bomb, a race against time.(Metaphor) In order to will this raise we need to be together, to save out planet for the future generations. The Severe Effect of Global Warming Essay -- essays research papers Global Warming When we think of global warming, we think about Air pollution, rise of temperature, melting glaciers, carbon dioxide emissions and so no. But even though we know that these factors could lead to a global catastrophe, very often we do not realize what king of severe effect the global warming could have on our planet. Imagine that you are placed into the future. It is some where around 2050. You begin to live in this new world, but the planet is not the same any more. You hear about huge storms over much of the North America that cause severe damage and flooding. San Francisco, New York City, Miami, Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal all experience major flooding from the ocean level having risen so high. Thousands and thousands of people die each summer across the world as the temperature soars to 65Â ° C for 2 weeks straight. No, this is not total fantasy. All of these events could really occur over less then half a century. All of them are results of one problem — the global warming. It is a huge issue with many consequences. People just do not realize that all of these events could occur if the action is not taken. If we work together, and unite our efforts we can stop the global warming. (Thesis) It is our attitude at the beginning of a difficult task which, more than anything else will affect the outcome. *What is global warming Global warming is the increase in the temperature on average during the extended period of time. It has been first noticed by the scientist some time around 1980s. Since then lots of studies were made about this issue. Scientists from around the world have come to a conclusion that the climate on the Earth is changing. Our planet is continually being warmed by different sources suc... ...go up. Cleaning a dirty air conditioner filter can save 5% of the energy used. In North America 40,000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released per person every year. We can decrease that number by simply not wasting the energy resources that we take form the nature. Since the people's actions have caused global warming, our actions can also help reduce this threat.(climax) Anyone can help by taking personal action and encouraging the people in your community to do the same. We should stop looking at the global warming as at the prediction. It is already happening right now. The problem is not new. We know it is still happening, so why is it still happening?(Chiasmus) We could not afford to let it happened! Global warming is a time bomb, a race against time.(Metaphor) In order to will this raise we need to be together, to save out planet for the future generations.

Recruitment and Selection Process Essay

Executive Summary In todays competitive world every company tries to get best possible candidates for the competitive advantage so, recruitment and selection of right candidates is important for all companies. It is a major function of the human resource department. For IT companies’ recruitment and selection is an integral part as attrition in IT companies is very high. Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for Jobs in the organization. The basic purpose of recruitments is to create a talent pool of candidates to enable the selection of best andidates for the organization, by attracting more and more employees to apply in the organization. The project named Recruitment Life Cycle was carried out at Persistent Systems Ltd. There are two types of recruitment at Persistent, campus and lateral recruitment, campus recruitment is conducted once in a year at the respective colleges and lateral recruitments are conducted as per the requirements. For lateral recruitment recruiter needs to understand the Job description to find the right candidates for the job then recruiter needs to source the candidates from different Job portals like Monster, Naukri etc. After sourcing, candidates are screened by different interviewers at different levels. If candidate clears all the round of interviews then an offer is made to employee depending upon the grades specified by the interviewer. The recruiter also had to meet targets, i. e. he had to see to it that a certain number of candidates sourced are Joining the organization. The conclusions that can be drawn from the project are the recruiter must understand the importance of that particular Job posting to find the best fit candidates. Also the automation in recruitments is the need of an hour. The Option of employee reference must be used properly to attract the right candidates. Thus, it was a very dynamic and challenging Job that demanded tremendous efforts, persistence, professional ism, and continuous efforts on the part of the recruiter. . Overview of IT Industry The Indian information technology (IT) industry has played a major role in placing India on the international map. The industry is mainly governed by IT software and facilities for instance System Integration, Software experiments, Custom Application to NASSCOM’s findings Indian IT-BPO industry expanded by 12% during the Fiscal ear 2009 and attained aggregate returns of IJS$ 71. 6 billion. Out of the derived revenue IJS$ 59. 6 billion was solely earned by the software and services division. Moreover, the industry witnessed an increase of around IJS$ 7 million in FY 2008-09 i. e. USS 47. 3 billion against USS 40. 9 billion accrued e,’ 2008-09 | IT Outsourcing in India As per NASSCOM, IT exports in business process outsourcing (BPO) services attained revenues of IJS$ 48 billion in FY 2008-09 and accounted for more than 77% of the entire software and services income. Over the years India has been the most avorable outsourcing hub for firm on a lookout to offshore their IT operations. The factors behind India being a preferred destination are its reasonably priced labor, favorable business ambiance and availability of expert workforce. Considering its escalating growth, IBM has plans to increase its business process outsourcing (BPO) functions in India besides employing 5,000 workforces to assist its growth. In the next few years, the industry is all set to witness some multi-million dollar agreements namely: * A 5 year agreement between HCL Technologies and News Corp for administering its information centers and IT services in I-JK. As per the industry analysts, the pact is estimated to be in the range of IJS$ 200-US$ 250 million * IJS$ 50 million agreement between HCL Technologies and Meggitt, UK-based security apparatus manufacturer, for offering engineering facilities. * Global giant Wal-Mart has short listed there Indian IT dealers namely Cognizant Technology Solutions, UST Global and Infosys Technologies for a contract worth IJS$ 600 million India’s domestic IT Market India’s domestic IT Market over the years has become one of the major driving forces of the industry. The domestic IT infrastructure is developing contexts of technology nd intensity of penetration. In the FY 2008-09, the domestic IT sector attained revenues worth IJS$ 24. 3 billion as compared to IJS$ 23. 1 billion in FY 2007-08, registering a growth of 5. 4%. Moreover, the increasing demand for IT services and goods by India Inc has strengthened the expansion of the domestic market with agreements worth rising up extraordinarily to IJS$ 100 million. By the FY 2012, the domestic sector is estimated to expand to IJS$ 1. 7 billion against the existing from US$ 1 billion.

Friabililty Test of Mefenamic Acid Tablets

One of the testing criteria of mechanical strength of tablets tablet friability testing. Tablets must be able to withstand mechanical stresses during their manufacturing, distribution and handling by the end-user. During the process of coating, transportation, packing and processing tablet, tablet will lose some weight. Because of that, the friability test is performed in the pharmaceutical industry to test the tendency of a tablet breaking into smaller pieces during transit.It includes repeatedly dropping a sample of tablets over a fixed time by using friability tester and then checking whether any tablets are broken, and calculate the percentage of loss weight of tablets. A good compressed tablet should not loss more than 1% of its weight. Based on this experiment, after the operation ended, the weight loss of tablets is 0. 0395g which is equivalent to 0. 68% loss from its weight. This means, those tablets are good quality and strong tablets which then can endure the stresses.There are maybe some error during handling the experiment that can lead to incorrect results. After operation ended, the tablets are not fully cleaned from dust which is affect the result. When finished, the samples have to be de-dusted first before weigh again. CONCLUSION The percentage loss of weight of samples is 0. 68%. The samples are good quality tablets because the percentage loss of weight are not more than 1%. 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Friability 2. http://www. anabiotec. com/testing/detail/hardness-friability-disintegration

Ericksons Psychosocial Theory

ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 1. Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory PSY 104-275 ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 2. ABSTRACT Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory, PSY 104-274. Erick Erickson was a psychologist that was born in Germany and became famous for his Theory of eight stages of development. Erick believed there were eight influential stages in a human’s life. At each stage, a unique developmental task confronts individuals with a crisis in which must be resolved. According to Erickson the crisis is not a catastrophe, but a turning point marked by both increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.Key Words: psychoanalytic, psychoanalysis, Autonomy, Generativity, Stagnation ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 3. ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 4. Erik Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to Danish parents. Erik found himself in quite an identity crisis while growing up. He was a blonde hair blue eye Jewish boy that found it difficul t to study in Jewish temple because of his looks. And in grammar school he was out casted for being Jewish. He also studied art and a variety of languages during his school years, rather than science courses such as biology and chemistry.He did not like the atmosphere that formal schooling produced, so instead of going to college he traveled around Europe, keeping a diary of his experiences. (Personality Theories, Dr c. George Boeree. ) After a year of doing this, he returned to Germany and enrolled in art school. After several years, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects to children of Americans who had come to Vienna for Freudian training. Erick than met a Canadian dance instructor named Joan Serson who was also teaching at the school where he worked. The couple married in 1930 and went on to have three children.In 1933 he came to the U. S. and took a teaching position at Harvard. In addition to teaching at Harvard he also had a private practice in child psychoanalysis. La ter he held teaching positions at Yale, San Francisco psychoanalytic, Austin Riggs center and the center for advanced studies of behavioral Sciences. He published a number of books on his theories and research, including Childhood and Society and The Life Cycle Completed. His book Gandhi's Truth was awarded a Pulitzer Prize and a national Book Award. Erick retired in 1970. He however continued to write, do research and occasionally lecture.In 1950 serious health problems ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 5. forced him into full retirement. Erick died in 1994 at the age of 91. (Personality Theories, Dr C. George Boeree. ) Erick Erickson was however probably known best known for is Psychosocial Theory. Erickson’s theory was one in which eight stages of psychosocial development unfold through out a humans lifetime. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis in which must be faced. (Santrock, 2008,16) The first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust, occurs from approximately birth to one year.Erikson defined trust as an essential trustfulness of others as well as a fundamental sense of one's own trustworthiness. He also said that some mistrust is necessary to learn to discriminate between honest and dishonest persons. If mistrust wins over trust in this stage, the child will be frustrated, withdrawn, suspicious, and will lack self-confidence. (Santrock, 2008,16) The second stage, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, occurs between ages two and three. During this period it is important that the parents create a supportive atmosphere for their child so it can develop a sense of self-control without a loss of self-esteem.In this stage, Erikson said the child encounters rules, such as which areas of the house he is allowed to explore. (Santrock, 2008,16) The third stage, Initiative vs. Guilt, occurs between ages ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 6. four and five. This is the stage in which the child must find out what kind of person he/she is going to be. The child develops a sense of responsibility in which the child increases initiative during this period. If the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious then they will have uncomfortable guilt feelings.Erikson believed that most guilt is quickly compensated for by a sense of accomplishment. (Santrock, 2008,16) Erikson's fourth stage, Industry vs. Inferiority, occurs between six years and puberty. This is the period in which the child wants to enter the larger world of knowledge and work. One of the great events and influences of this time is the child's entry into school. This is where he is exposed to the technology of his society: books, multiplication tables, arts and crafts, maps, microscopes, films, and tape recorders.However, the learning process does not only occur in the classroom according to Erikson, but also at home, friend's houses, and on the street. (Santrock, 2008,16) Components of Erikson's prior four stages contribute to the fifth stage, Identity vs. Identity Confusion. This occurs during adolescence. During this period the identity concern reaches climax. (Santrock, 2008,16) Erikson's sixth stage, Intimacy vs. Isolation, occurs during young adulthood. Intimacy with other people is possible only if a reasonably well-integrated identity emerges from stage five. The main concern of Erikson's seventh stage, Generativity vs.Stagnation, is to ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 7. assist the younger generation in developing and lead useful lives. When the individual feels that he has done nothing to help the next generation then they experience stagnation. The final stage, Integrity vs. Despair, occurs during late adulthood. This is the time in which the individual looks back and evaluates their life. If the previous stages have developed properly then they will experience integrity. If the previous stages have not developed in a positive way then they will feel despair. (Santrock, 2008,16)Ericksonâ₠¬â„¢s model has some advantages and disadvantages to it. One of the advantages is that it is a good model to follow in infancy and in early childhood when there is little or no communication being done between child and parents. The model sets a â€Å"measuring stick† to a child’s normal development that a doctor and parents can use to see if the child is developing behind schedule or ahead of schedule. This all also allows doctors and parents to possibly diagnosis a possible mental abnormality or learning disability. However I believe this model is good to use to assume only if a child is healthy.Once a child or adult is diagnosed with a mental illness of some sort the model cannot be really used anymore. The model also has limitations to it. As I mentioned in the prior paragraph once a child or adult is diagnosed with a mental illness the theory cannot be really only used to a degree. Dependent on what type of learning disability or mental disability the child or ERI CKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 8. adult may have the person may not be able to recognize these developmental needs that happen throughout his or hers life.The adult or child will heavily depend on his or her caretaker to either support these developmental stages for them or the caretaker may have to be the one that actually supplies these needs and offers the reassurance that is needed to person’s stages. The relevance to society this offers is that it shows us how a healthy individual should develop through life. It is a model for us to follow to know proper developmental stages of a human being from infancy to late adulthood. It helps parents know what is the â€Å"norm† for there children and if maybe there is something developmentally wrong.In older adults it also helps us guide our way into later stages of life. It may help people who feel that they have not been successful in society feel that they are in the normal. They may see that they have developed and contributed to what the normal is expected. This paper helped me realize that there was such a model to develop developmental stages. I realize looking back to my adolescence years I have hit these stages and remember dealing with these problems. It also prepares me for what’s ahead and what to expect in later developmental stages.Being better prepared for my upcoming stages should make my transitions through them much easier. ERICKSON’S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY 9. References Essential of lifespan development, John Santrock, University of Texas at Dallas, published 2008 Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development, Kendra Cherry, http://psychology. about. com/od/psychosocialtheories/a/psychosocial. htm Simply psychology, Erickson’ theory, Saul McLeod, published 2008, updated 2013. http://www. simplypsychology. org/Erik-Erikson. html#sthash. byyb8hC6. dpbs Personality Theories, Dr c. George Boeree. http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/erikson. html

Gothic Story Essay

The advancing darkness overwhelmed his senses and the fear of the night crept upon him. Distant screams beyond the unavoidable forest seemed to draw him towards the tall trees ahead. He fearfully entered the overpowering forest, after a few footsteps in, the trees surrounded him at every angle and there was no escape. The journey had to continue, there was no turning back now. The scattered leaves and twigs crunched below his feet as he advanced further into the colossal forest, his nose was conquered by the dominant scent of burning wood and mud. The whispering footsteps of wild beastly animals seemed to be following his every motion, then the sudden roaring wind threw him off balance and he plummeted to the ground with a colossal thud. He rose to his feet immediately and a distance ahead of him he could see the moon light fighting through the dense trees. He proceeded in the direction in which he was originally travelling in. After a while of walking he became aware that the night was at its peak and nothing but death could be heard. He fearfully darted as rapid as he could and now the opening of the forest was near, he cleared the last of the trees, and he was now out of the mighty forest. In front of him stood an isolated castle, he sceptically approached the mammoth cast iron gates that towered far above him. The gates had huge rusted chains securing them, but they were not locked. He heaved the gates with great difficulty and managed to open a small gap that he was able to squeeze through. The gravel in advance of him seemed disturbed as if someone had already past over it recently, he continued anyway and the gravel crunched beneath his feet, the old cold stone castle was in front of him. He approached the huge rotting wooden doors, which were wide open and he slowly entered the vast hallway, a mighty bash was heard behind him, he spun around and realized that the doors had fastened. The hallway was damp, with a stale smell, it was decorated with ancient wallpaper and rotting furnishings, it seemed as if the place had been abandoned years ago and any previous owners are long dead, but judging by the size of the doors and gates the people who lived here must have been humongous. He progressed deeper into the ancient castle, he could hear dripping echoes around the corridor he had entered, the smell changed it was now a disgusting rotting smell as if something or someone had died in the area. Further forwards he saw an object hanging in the centre of the corridor in the distance but he could not tell what it was, the smell had become more dominant as he continued it was becoming unbearable, he reached the hanging object and to his disgust and astonishment was a man’s leg dangling from a piece of wire tied to a pipe above his head, the leg had already begun rotting away but a lot of flesh still remained, it appeared as if the leg was chopped of by a butchers knife or an axe. He had now reached the end of the corridor and was lingering at the top of a dark spiralling staircase, he descended slowly but fearfully into the darkness of the staircase that was slowly absorbing him, unable to see anything but his feet and the step he was treading on he would be unable to tell how many steps he would have to descend. Trusting himself he gripped onto the railing at one side of these stairs and went down one step at a time, he had descended masses of steps, he must have been going down for at least half an hour. Finally some light began to creep in as he continued downwards; he could now see the vast remaining number of steps beneath him begin to reveal themselves. He touched the walls for balance as he descended; they were as cold as ice. At last he discovered that the never-ending staircase was coming to an end. He reached the final step and felt a mixture of relief because the journey had ended and yet he was nervous as to what lay ahead. At the end of the stair case was a poorly lit room that was damp and dirty. There was blood everywhere; all over the walls and a huge puddle where he was standing. In the centre of the room he found a bleeding man tied to a small wooden chair with thick ropes. In the man’s leg a large butcher’s knife had been wedged deep into his flesh. The room was empty except for a large steel door at the back of the room. The door swung open and a giant man with a huge blood soaked knife stood at the door saturated in shadow.

An account of the revolution followed by the coup in egypt with Assignment

An account of the revolution followed by the coup in egypt with elements of the corruption involved in government activities and how they have effected tourism - Assignment Example China experienced widespread student protests in Beijing on June 4 1989, because of the unrest, the population of tourists in hotels was low and travel to Beijing was highly restricted. A double military coup occurred in Fiji in 1987, other countries responded by issuing travel advisories to their citizens. Israel has for a long time been involved in military warfare making it inhospitable for tourists. Therefore, the case in Egypt is not different, the revolution, the coup and prevalent corruption have had diverse effects in the country. The revolution occurred in 2011, followed by the coup two years later in 2013. The Egyptian revolution was marked by mass protests on the streets. Clashes turned bloody resulting in the death of at least 300 people23. Egyptian nationals were pushing for the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak. Grievances included political issues; economic strains, unemployment, inflation and injustice. The demands were finally met on February, 11th 2011 when President Mubarak put an end to his thirty year old regime by stepping down11. The July 2013 coup came immediately after widespread protests by Egyptian citizens against President Mohamed Morsi. People demanded that Morsi be removed from power, his term in office had lacked success. Coups have never been peaceful. As a result, forceful intergovernmental transition would bring all economic activity to a standstill26. Contrary to the expectations of many Egyptians, the coup led to more problems. From the time of Morsi’s overthrow from power, Egyptians were left fighting for the formation of a legitimate government that would replace military rule. Public servants have been involved in constant revolts over the fact that the government has failed to fulfill its minimum wage promises1. These facts caused negative effects on the country’s revenue-generating sectors, a major constituent being the tourism industry. Inflation became a major economic problem and the rate of unemployment

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 15

Management - Essay Example Shangri-La thus can look to set forth in the new market of Vietnam with all positivity by undertaking Greenfield Venture Strategy along with differentiation. Shangri-La Resorts and Hotels is a Hong Kong based luxury hotel group. It is not only Asia Pacific’s but also one of the world’s premium hotel management and ownership companies. The hotels and resorts under this group are globally renowned for its service and serenity. They have at present 69 resorts and hotels globally in areas such as Asia Pacific, the Middle East and North America, comprising of rooms inventory of more than 30,000. They are also on a growth spree globally with hotel being developed in various places of the world like United Kingdom, India, and Mainland China among others1. This report is intended towards the senior management of Shangri-La who are planning to expand its global operations in Vietnam. The report will analyze the feasibility of Vietnam as a probable location of global expansion. The report will also look into the existing market scenarios of Vietnam along with its hotel industry and economy to provide an idea regarding the feasibility of this proposed expansion. The aims and objectives of expansion in Vietnam is to strengthen their stranglehold in the Asia Pacific region as Vietnam is one of the few countries in which they are yet to set their foothold. Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts have become a recognized and admired brand globally especially in the Asia Pacific region by undertaking strategies such as global expansion and offering their legendary services to the consumers. Shangri-La in recent years is predominantly following a rapid expansion strategy. Their strategies included expansion in high-wage economic regions like North America and Europe, expansion in China taking into consideration the scenario related to poaching of staffs and increase in

Current Australian Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Australian Issues - Essay Example They try to persuade the computer novices, who barely have any idea of their computer system and are alarmed by such calls and due to their limited knowledge are inclined towards believing on such scams. The technician asks the consumer to log on to a third party website for the purpose of remote access troubleshooting to the consumer’s PC. The telemarketers go to such extents that they claim they belong to reputed computer organizations such as â€Å"Microsoft† and â€Å"Windows†. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) are looking forward into investigating towards this matter and warning the consumers to remain attentive about such scams (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission). The calls come at all odd times of the day, due to the fact that the telemarketers are not from Australia. A new trend in the type of PC-related scam calls have been observed, in which the caller falsely claims to belong to some foreign government, or from the consumer’s bank and they try to convince the consumers to recover their money that they have lost in previous scams, in return for a moderate fee. This is again a fraud and the consumer ends up paying more money, without any retrieval. PC scam calls are just one genre of the telemarketing abuse. Retrieving consumer’s personal identification details also helps these scammers to provide language-specific calls. The consumer is dealt with the telemarketer of the same foreign language, in the hope of optimized persuasion strategies. Lately consumers have complained of calls by telemarketers for enrolling their kids in tuition centers for specific subjects. Another genre of scam calls relate to the religious preferences of the consumers. Consumers have been asked to join religious centers that preach certain beliefs. The idea behind these telemarketers is to scrape out as much money as they can from the consumers, by stealing their identification details, in order to

Analysing legal issue on Gun Control in Canada Essay

Analysing legal issue on Gun Control in Canada - Essay Example 2 An audit by the Auditor General of Canada in 2002 further showed that the Department of Justice estimated the cost of the gun registry program would rise significantly by 2004-2005, costing more than $1 billion while gun registration fees amounted to about $140 million in fees, 2 though no significant benefit of the gun control program is recognized. According to John Lott and Eli Lehrer since the start of the new gun control program, crime rate in Canada has increased.3 The Canadian government also recently admitted it could not identify a single violent crime that had been solved through the process.3 Canadian Alliance Party critic Gary Breitkreuz says the current firearms law should emphasize on harsher punishment for those who use weapons in the commission of a crime.2 Bob Runciman called for the program to be put on hold while describing it as a waste of taxpayers' money.2 The Justice Department's statistics that claim Firearms Act and gun registrations are on the increase are irrelevant, since criminals don't sign up for licenses. From statistics compiled from the registration program it is clear that even though rural Canada has by far the majority of firearms, it still recorded the least amount of crimi

Aiding the Management of Change Research Proposal

Aiding the Management of Change - Research Proposal Example A survey conducted in 2002 (Online Executives 2006) highlighted that the main driver for change was increased competition, however, most domestic businesses have adapted to this by adopting similar processes and acquiring the necessary technology. However, in 2006, the survey was repeated and found that the main driver for change was the desire to increase efficiency. This is indicative of an environment that is becoming difficult to control and predict and has made planning and strategy on a short term basis. The need for efficiency is not confined to one industry but rather applies to all businesses, and this has resulted in a number of change management initiatives that are designed to increase efficiency, reduce costs, restructure the organization, and become more competitive and to make the business more innovative. However, by increasing efficiency, reducing costs and restructuring the organization, most businesses are directly impacting on employees as these drivers will have a negative impact on jobs. These drivers often result in redundancies and the key to a successful change management initiative will lie in an organization’s ability to handle and communicate with its employees (Chin and Benne 1968). Failure to communicate and implement change management to employees will make the initiative susceptible to failure through reduced morale from the remaining employees (Chin and Benne 1968, Scott 20,05), which in turn will affect the manner in how customers are treated, which in turn will affect the organizations' competitiveness. This implies that change management is not about changing physical attributes, but rather it is about managing the process of it, which includes people management. This paper will briefly look at the factors responsible for both successful and disastrous change management initiatives, and it will also look at how culture and commitment, leadership and downsizing can be managed for change.

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Nursing - Essay Example This is a self-support group , so the chairman must also be an alcoholic. To begin he asked if there were any new comers. There were three of us and we each stood up and told the group our first names. I was told beforehand that the meeting runs on most occasions on a ‘single share’ system. This means that each person can speak for a few minutes and no one voice or opinion dominates, which seems very fair and egalitarian. Another factor is the way in which people speak to the whole group rather than perhaps saying to only one person ‘What you ought to do is†¦..† or to reprimand them This a meeting of equals. One by one members spoke about their experiences for a few minutes. In some cases they were still struggling with their alcoholism, one or two talked about the negative effect upon their health, and others were no longer drinking, but were still taking things a day at a time. Then one lady gave a longer pre-planned talk, outlining the full story of h er descent into alcoholism at quite an early age, because of difficulties at work. She described how things had got so bad that she could no longer care for her family, but did say that her husband did his best to be supportive. The meeting was then closed without discussion and we went our separate ways. Narcotics Anonymous Visit. I found the local chapter of Narcotics Anonymous simply by looking in the telephone book. I was surprised to find that the group met regularly in an anonymous building that I pass frequently. I thought it was an American self-support group, but on the web site and in the leaflet I was given I read:-. Every addict in the world has the chance to experience our message in his or her own language and culture and find the opportunity for a new way of life. This means that these people are just concerned with their own addiction, but are trying their best to help others. They even have a World Convention. Also they do not rely on the medical profession when it comes to writing their literature, but it all comes from members. The meeting began in a similar way to that of the Alcoholic Anonymous meeting in that there was friendly chat and then the meeting was called to order. Although some people did speak for a few minutes each, this was a teaching meeting which went through the twelve step program guide. I was assured that many had found this helpful. I was particularly struck by the first step when those addicted to narcotics come to the point where they can state â€Å"We admitted that we were powerless over our addiction, that our lives had become unmanageable.† The members are encouraged to place their lives into the hands of God, however they understood him to be. They need to make a definite turning round of their lives and search their inner being, something described as making a moral inventory. They are encouraged to share their decision with someone, and also to make amends to those who might have been harmed by their act ions, wherever this is possible. I had had a very negative view of drug users – usually only meeting them in the emergency room when they were at their lowest, but these people were trying really hard to improve. Health Fair . It was however in the main dominated by people and companies who make their living and profits from the Health Care industry, so I did have some doubts about motivation. There was for instance a stall where you could sign up for

Challenges and Opportunities in Strategy Implementation Essay - 2

Challenges and Opportunities in Strategy Implementation - Essay Example According to the paper the set plans need to well communicated throughout the organisation to enable all the staff to work together to achieve the company’s expected future results. Both new and existing organizations strive to get the biggest share of customers in the market. To acquire a big market share, organisation conduct different practices and activities to be more appealing and better placed in the market. There needs to be set procedures by the organizations that cover the whole field. An organisation that operates without set plans and procedures stand a chance to overlook other crucial areas needed to be better placed in the market. From this paper it is clear that organizations that set strategies and work towards implementing them are the ones that enjoy a greater market share. Putting set plans to action is one of the most important parts of achieving expected results. The small actions carried out in an organisation on a day to day basis need to be well linked to each other so as to contribute to the expected organizational results. Small daily targets need to be structured to contribute to the strategy of the organisation. Organizations need to be well structured so that all the staff can respect the expected results of the organisation. Communicating the strategies to the staff is crucial to ensure all staff works with a uniform purpose, which is to achieve the expected results of their organisation. For customer retention, organizations need to learn from the market reaction to various processes. Organizations with good strategy implementation plans are better placed to ensure that successful processes are continuously carried out and the non-effective processes are replaced with more productive processes.

HIV and the latino community in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HIV and the latino community in the U.S - Essay Example In the United States, 1.2 million people are living with HIV. African Americans have the highest prevalence of HIV by race, amounting to 45% of those infected. Latin Americans only constitute 22% of those infected with HIV. Among Latin Americans, 19% of HIV cases are attributed to heterosexual contact. The rate of infection of HIV/AIDS among Latin Americans is second only to the rate of the African Americans. They are 3.5 times higher than non-Hispanic White Americans (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a disease that attacks various organ systems of the body and weakens its ability to protect itself from infection. The last stage of this disease is AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Krapp, 2002). Aside from the physical aspects of the disease, HIV/AIDS can also affect the mental health of the individual. This disease can cause emotional distress, anxiety, and most dangerously, depression. This may stem from various sources su ch as the stigma associated with the disease, or it can occur if the infection ever reaches the brain of the individual. Considering that the psychiatric and psychological side effects of the disease are connected to social stigma, especially due to its nature as a sexually transmitted disease common among the sexually promiscuous or those who engage in homosexual contact. There is a social aspect to preventing this disease aside from providing care to those who have it. A study from Zea, Reisen, Poppen, Bianchi, and Echeverry (2005) examined how Latinos who tell people close to them about their HIV status helps in their mental health during the disease. It shows that telling trustworthy people about their disease helped them get the social support that they would need to get through the disease without losing their self-esteem or lapsing into depression. On the other hand, a study by Gerbi, Habtemariam, Tameru, Nganwa, Robnet, and Bowie (n. d.) talks about how psychosocial factors can affect into resorting to substance abuse and other HIV/AIDS risky behavior. It’s a harsh circle that feeds upon itself. Risky behavior increases the chances to contract HIV/AIDS. When they get HIV, they have to handle the stigma of the disease. They get pressured from not telling other people about the disease, and they get stressed by how people’s treatment of them changes from knowing about their status. This situation gives them psychological stress, which might lead them acting on more risky behavior such as substance abuse or depression, which might increase their susceptibility to other illnesses which the body cannot defend itself due to the compromised immune system. HIV is not just a systemic infection of an individual; it also affects the person’s life, his psyche, and the people around him. Giving him medicine to manage the illness is not enough. They need help to face the emotional demands of the disease like stress, anger, grief, helplessness, d epression, and even cognitive disorders if the disease reaches the brain. Aside from an immunologist, it would be wise to also consider seeing a psychiatrist; it can help handle the mental aspect of the illness (American Psychiatric Association, 2006). For the case of Latinos, the risk for HIV is framed by their ethnic and racial minority status. This also connects to their socioeconomic status. These factors, plus gender, sexual orientation, and stigma increase their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. According to a

Outline of the Tea Party Platform Essay Example for Free

Outline of the Tea Party Platform Essay Believe that heavy taxes are a burden for those who apply their personal liberty to work hard ? Need for government to protect the freedom of citizens with interference of the government that has exceeded its necessary size or scope. 2. Eliminate National Debt ? there is a need to have fiscal conservative policies at all levels of government ? narrow down the national debt for the good of the average American 3. Protect Free Markets ? Allow free markets to prosper without the infringement of the national government ? Belief that free markets should be protected and are the backbone of the U. S 4. Abide By the Constitution of The United States ? Belief that the U. S Constitution is the supreme law and should be held as so ? Constitution but be upheld in all areas, levels and branches of government 5. Promote Civic Responsibility ? Citizen involvement should be upheld ? Belief that citizen inolment directs the behaviors of the representatives both on a local and national level 6. Reduce the Overall Size Of Government ? Belief that a â€Å"bloated† or overcrowded bureaucracy leads to uneconomical spending ? Reducing the size of governement will than in turn help eliminate inefficiencies that result in deficit spending 7. Believe In The People ? Guaranteed freedoms for the American people will cause then to thrive and grow in a democratic, capitalist enviroment which allows individuals to achieve and go after achievements 8. Maintain Local Independance ? The strength of the Tea Party movement is the ability of citizens at the local level to establish their own platforms ? Belief that each citizen’s voice should be heard

Background Study Of The Organization MIS System

Background Study Of The Organization MIS System In this thrilling subject, i would be focusing on the Management Information System of Starbucks. It is no doubt that this firm in question, is one popular and well patronised firm amongst many. That being said, i would be doing justice to the very background of this organization in question and i would elucidate in tangible details their IT systems, schemes and practices and lastly, i would be recommending what i see fit to suite the organisation even in this era of technology. But before i proceed, i would like to briefly define MIS(Management Information System) MIS (Management Information System) This may be defined as a general word for computer systems in an enterprise or organisation which provides information or details on firms business operations. Its also refers to the people who manage and maintain these systems. Furthermore, in a large corporation, MIS or the MIS department refers to a central or centrally-coordinated system of pc expertise and management, and entire network of computer resources in a business organization (firm). Body Background study of the organization Starbucks was first introduced in Seattles Pike Place Market in 1971. Back then, the company was called Starbucks Coffee, Tea ans Spices before change into what we have known today, Starbucks Coffee Company. Today, there are approximately 16, 706 Starbucks stores in 50 countries. The first ever Srabucks store in Malaysia opened on December 1998, located at KL Plaza, Jalan Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. Later, there are more than 115 Starbacks stores in Malaysia.Basically, their buyers will travel to Africa, Asia and Latin America to choose only the best quality of arabica beans. These high quality beans will be sent for roasting and production. Starbucks experts then only combine the roasted beans with Italian style expresso beverages to produce different type of cold and hot coffee beverages. The famous products introduced by Starbucks company and mainly can be found in all of its stores include more than 30 blends single-origin premier arabica coffees. As for their own signature of handcrafted beverages such as hot and iced expresso beverage, coffee and non-coffee blended beverages Vivanno smoothies, Frappuccino bottled coffee or blended and premium ice creams with the and brewed coffee and also tea product,Tazo Tea. Merchandises are also offered by Starbucks are coffee mugs and accessories. Customers not only can enjoy sipping their high quality coffee beverage but also indulging on baked pastries, sandwiches and cakes. The company focuses in providing a relax, comfortable atmosphere with modern fittings. It is an ideal place for hanging out with friends and families, with entertainment magazines to read. Most of the Starbucks company offer free wi-fi for their customers, so it is a great advantage to business people discussing on their work or students doing some research for assignments/ projects. POS The Point of Sale System (POS) or front of house till system; in addition to regular register functions offers some functions to be accessed only by Store Manager(SM), Assistant Manager(ASM) and Shift Supervisor(SS), with the correct security level.The Point of sale consists in two touch screen tills used by deployed partners that need to insert their username and specific password before to start. From the Point of sale, managers can access different managers functions menu, such as paid in and Paid Out, and Refund to customers. These manager functions are security measures for cash management and inventory control in the store. Paid in and paid out occurs when money is taken from the till to buy items necessary for the store operations and/or any kind of emergency. Other functions such as Cash Skim, Void transactions or refunds occur when money is given back due to complaints or customers are returning faulty merchandise. The point of sale is used also to record wastage. In conclusion, most Point of sale functions are related to customer service, sales, refunds, discounts, voids.By ringing items through the tills, data such as time, customer transaction, quantity of food and drinks sold, quantity of wasted items, are transferred to the Management Work Station where data are stored, analysed and produced in form of reports, graphic, charts or diagrams. MWS (Manager Work System) The Manager Work Station can be accessed in the office where there is a computer connected to the intranet, a private communication channel for employees to access the organization network that resembles the internet. To access the system it is required to sign in with a password and the partners ID. The system recognises security level and allows accessing the function assigned to the security level. The normal partners can just access the time punching option, which is that function that record staff punches in and out for breaks and shift. A start of day and end of day is run into the system on a daily base. Shift managers can access cash management functions that are used to count tills, modify or correct transactions and to prepare daily bank deposit. A menu of available reports is available on a report menu. The Store manager can access these reports to track sales, find out customer transactions within different hours range, to check sale by product category, to record wastage, to carry a financial audit. All this information is relevant for Store Managers to identify business requirements and customer needs, to identify peak time in the store, to increase or amend product ordering, to control wastage and track stock and decide whether is necessary to cut labour. Managers can access staff information and personal details in the work station, they can insert new partners, terminate partners, maintain employee records, track employees training and process payroll. The payroll process transfers information to the support centre in order to pay partners. Store Manager and the shift supervisors can use the IRIS System to process electronic ordering for food, stationery, packaging. The IRIS System can also use e-mail set up for communicating with London Support centre and other stores within the district and others. Hardware Hardware components of the computer system used in Starbucks There are two types of modem: The speed touch cable modem and the ISDN (integrated services digital network) modem. The speed touch cable modem and the ISDN connect the store computer system to the STARBUCKS retail network. The Retail Network is the communication access between the store and the internet. This allows the management work station to send and receive large quantities of data and information. There is a wireless internet provided by T-mobile, which allows customers to connect to the wireless network. There are two pieces of equipment; the Cisco Router and the Cisco Wireless access point. Connected to the computer system there is a Printer used to print reports of any nature, and a cash scale which counts Cash in a faster way and more accurately, mainly it is used to count the tills and at the end of this process all data are send to the system. At the Point of sale there are two small printers where all receipts come out, and two (chip and pin) credit and debit card machines. To protect retailers, a new security system has been designed for cards which will use a smart chip. When customers pay using one of these cards, rather then signing a confidential security number (PIN) is entered. Further more, the starbucks firm, uses Intel based systems and fast Computers. In terms of functionality, the starbucks firm is bent on getting hardwares(PC) that have great and outstanding specifications to avoid slow down on business. A sample spec would be: A PC with 512 Memory or 1GB. And A flat screen monitor and processor speed of 2.40GHZ and a HDD of 150GB to 200GB. The company has a nac for greater heights that why its no surprise that starbucks is doing greatly well in terms of their ability to maintain their standards. Software OS (Operating System): As we all know, the I.T age is springing forth with lots of sotwares and technology all with the focus of improving the lifes of humans in all ramification of life. Having said that, the Starbucks company makes use of Windows based softwares for their computers which is categorized in the hardware section. They run applications that aid their business. Example POS, Excel and others. Excel is often used for their spreadsheet needs. When it comes to system software for driving their hardwares, they run windows xp or 7. POS Installing a Point of sale system software into your business can have as dramatic an effect on your retail, bar, concierge, or any other hospitality based business. The right POS system software will enable you to have a more precise level of control over your business operations thus increasing efficiency, boosting profits, and helping you fine-tune your business model. Incorporating the wrong system, however, can be a waste of time, monetary investments and a source of ongoing frustration. Switching from a traditional cash register or as we like to say over sized calculator to a streamline computerized POS software can be a bit of a headache if you do not research your options before buying a new system. There are many factors to consider and various pitfalls to avoid. However you will definitely be impressed with the R.O.I return on investment and benefits your business cannot do without. Thus implementing a POS system can make it worth your time and effort. In the most basic sense, a POS system is a cash register with all the bells and whistles of the new fast paced, internet streaming technological speed. Current themes and practices This Starbucks new idea of POS is currently available for all 6,800 Starbucks stores and Target locations across the US. The solution is not yet in place in Canada. For the uninitiated, the solution works as follows. Consumers download the Starbucks Card Mobile App to their mobile phone; be itiPhone or BlackBerry. Customers with a Starbucks stored value card (effectively a gift card) that is registered on the Starbucks website, enter the card number into their phone when the obtain the app, and that card number is stored. When consumers visit a store, they place their coffee order as usual, and indicate their desire to tender with their mobile. Consumers start the Starbucks Card Mobile App on their mobile and navigate to the payment screen so that a 2d barcode representing the consumers Starbucks card is displayed. The Starbucks associate, selects mobile as the tender in the POS, and prompts the consumer to use the customer facing imager (the same as those used in airports to read boarding passes). The consumer places their mobile device under the imager, the 2d barcode is read, and the POS treats the tender like a gift card, following the usual payment verification procedure. Once tender is complete, the customer obtains their coffee as usual. The discussion on electronic wallet is an industry favourite, and this development will certainly encourage more discussion on the subject and provide some much need experience. Im fully behind this initiative, but at present, this solution is very much a Starbucks specific solution, and it is not easily translatable to other retailers. While retailers can learn a great deal from the obvious careful thought that has gone into the solution, and we can look forward to others moving down this road as well. To clarify for consumers (and non-technical retail executives) who ask why other retailers dont have mobile payment schemes as yet, consider the following unique characteristics of the Starbucks situation that make a solution like this pay off. Use of Stored Value Card Very few retailers have a stored value card with the massive following and ongoing usage that Starbucks have. Effectively consumers are giving Starbucks their funds in advance in exchange for some very small benefits (free drink on your birthday, free pump of flavouring in your drink). Starbucks gets loyalty data on customers, and a nice balance of cash on hand. More relevant to the mobile payment solution, the Starbucks mobile phone application allows consumers to make a payment onto their stored value card, and the applications 2d barcode payment system is connected to that card. Connecting the mobile payment system to the stored value card means that Starbucks can take the risk of a payment system internally. Stored value are not subject to the same roadblocks, legislation, and scrutiny that building a mobile payment system that would access a credit card or a debit card would have. Using the stored value card simplifies implementation and sidesteps many complexities of payment systems like EMV and PCI. Cross Platform While Starbucks are very keen on the iPhone, they have not limited themselves to an iPhone app, but also provided an app for the other key smart phone users via the Blackberry App. Considering the corporate core of Blackberry users and how often meetings now take place in Starbucks stores, this is a wise move to maximize potential users. Given the number of Android Users and the recent release and growing use of Windows 7 Phone platforms, it would not be surprising to see the Starbucks Card App ported to those platforms as well, ensuring maximum potential usage. Valuable App With over 400,000 apps on iTunes, retailers need to make their app unique and useful. Ideally it pulls together the mobile and in store experience in some way. Starbucks has managed both. Any successful retailers mobile app needs something unique to it to encourage download, and having it on a consumers screen on a permanent basis. Customer Demographic Based on my experience, and what I have read in the media over the past few years, the average Starbucks consumer is more likely than average to be a tech-savvy iPhone or Blackberry user, and beyond that, the kind of user who would be comfortable with technology and placing a payment with their mobile. It is important that any solution put in front of a consumer by a retailer fit their target market. A savvy comfortable customer is more likely to use the app, and use it well, to speed transactions and drive convenience for them, and speed throughput for the retailer. Infrastructure Most Starbucks locations have 2 terminals. In order to leverage 2d barcodes, special imagers are required, and this means hardware investment. 2 lanes means only a $300-$400 investment per store for imaging hardware. Considering the potential value of transactions per store, this is a very low cost. The ROI would be far less attractive for a lower margin retailer with dozens of lanes in a store to deploy, as it would be key to have the imagers in every lane to simplify the process for consumers. Transaction Type The slowest portion of any retail transaction, and the most difficult to trim time from, is the tendering process. Given that in Starbucks transactions generally include a small basket size and the ordering time is relatively short, the value of an alternative payment is increased, as it is a greater proportion of the transaction. This value is increased further by the incredible traffic at Starbucks sites. Having many small transactions provides a boost to the ROI of the solution. No Mobile Device Handling In order for any sort of mobile payment solution to increase throughput and minimize operational complications, it is key to streamline the process of scanning the mobile device. Starbucks has done this via a customer facing scanner with very simple signage. This allows the consumer to place their phone in the scanning area with no need to pass the mobile device to a cashier. This simplifies the process by providing a consistent process, not only increasing the scan speed, but also avoiding the potential of store staff dropping or otherwise damaging a customers mobile device. Consumers are also more likely to use the mobile payment solution if they do not have to pass their mobile phone to a cashier, given how consumers increasingly consider the mobile device as a personal item. As with all solutions implemented by consumer facing organizations, ROI is key. Looking at the Starbucks solution, the costs of entry are probably not that high. A mobile app is relatively inexpensive and standalone compared to other point of sale solution implementations. Using the stored value card leverages electronic processes and databases already in place. The crucial part is operationalizing the solution, and that can be put in place for hundreds or low thousands per site. All in all, this is a relatively low cost solution with the potential for a high ROI in both funds, and in good will from consumers. Other retailers looking to implement such a solution would do well to observe what Starbucks have done, but note well that this is not a one size fits all solution. Any future implementers should be sure that the app suits their customer demographic, their transaction model, and has a way of dealing with the complexities of payment. Other solutions will arise, and it will be fa scinating to see what comes next. Evaluation: 4).Starbucks also runs a high scale of management in handling their I.T related issues. They are I.T aware such that, they have good network services. An example would be, Starbucks offers free WIFI Zone. An attraction for a customer on the move. The firm has VOIP services for communication with other chains around the globe. As we live in a net centric age, starbucks has made it a perfect fit, to incorporate most I.T business related schemes into their business. A good analyses on this comoany, would however show us that starbucks uses the I.T based things to builkd their customer range. It is however no secret that most competitors have based their examples on comoanys in the likes of Starbucks. Some practices in starbucks, include some discount sales issued by the management. A customer however sees this as a grand oppurtuinty to have a 50%(Percent) discount on whatever he buys and also enjoys free internet. This indeed is a wise practice. The Mgt Informaion system has in many ways, made things easy for staffs. Most messages to staffs are communicated via the network. As fore mentioned, starbucks uses intranets and internet(Voip). This helps in forwarding swift messages to workers in the company. This comoany also makes judicious use of their MIS by running web based adverts and all. The firm keeps its customers continuesly aware of products and new recipes that might be tried in a given time. Thus, their market base increases undoubtedly. Marketing Analysis: Retails: Recommendation: In my opinion having pratronised starbucks from time to time, i would suggest the following: Starbucks should try in purchasing a reasonably fast internet with low traffic. They should try to maintain their hardwares and try upgrades from time to time, to avoid being left out in the dark age of slow computing. They should employ staffs that are more I.T learned to avoid diffulty in system operations. They should embrace more of touch screen services. And what i mean is, buying gadgets(hardwares) that provide self service for each customer. The MIS should continually see to it that customers are intrigued by the brilliant I.T based services that Starbucks provide thus leaving the customers spell bound to return and purchase more items . They could also provide on screen advertisements for new generation hardwares this in itself, could be an avenue for starbucks to get paid for advertising for I.T firms in the cities and wherever . They could also make a web based system, that would enable customers to order online to ease driving out of the office at lunch. Conclusion: At this juncture, i would like to reiterate that it is of immense importance that the MIS in starbucks embraces more heightened technology hardwares to ease the work load and the number of staffs. We all in the world are aware of the generation of computers. This promises to be huge and phenomenal turn in every industry especially industries like starbucks. As we see Managements improve their information systems, it would be an important part for starbucks to play in their MIS. With an improved and well balanced MIS, starbucks has what it takes to battle up for the future even competitors. Time is of the essence for firms like starbucks this is because each day slips away and more upgrades are made to databases. To this end, i would beseech starbucks, to keep up the very good work and embrace a new era of improved management systems. Thus increasing their profit base and client base.